Interlocked molecular machines like [2]rotaxanes are intriguing aesthetic molecules. The control of the localization of the macrocycle, which surrounds a molecular axle, along the thread leads to translational isomers of very different properties. Although many moieties have been used as sites of interactions for crown ethers, the very straightforwardly obtained amide motif has more rarely been...

Vehicle load is an important factor for the fatigue damage of orthotropic steel decks. The traffic vehicles port highway in China are mainly multi-axle container trucks, which show different characteristics from conventional highways. Based on multi-period flow data collected by weight-in-motion system a bridge over sea Zhejiang, China, this study has investigated bridge. Eight typical spectrum...

Objective: The prime objective of this study is to find out the best replacement for a conventional Steel front drive axle reduce its weight and verify suitability vehicular application. also aims suggest appropriate Composite material manufacturing technique proposed axle. Methods: Front Maruti Alto 800has been selected analysis which carried by Experimental Fe method, 3D CAD model purpose has...

Abstract In this study the Peak Stress Method (PSM) has been applied to fatigue assessment of welds an axle equipped in off-road vehicle. design welded joints, PSM is a FE-based method rapidly evaluate NSIFs relevant opening, sliding and tearing modes by means linear elastic peak stresses extracted from FE model. First, axle, which consists central body two lateral branches composed several pla...

The study concerns the problem of overloading vehicles driven on public roads. gross vehicle mass and individual axle loads are limited by legal regulations. However, a tricking method, applicable to most popular designs motor multiaxial tractor-semitrailer units, has been shown that weighing inspectors, even if provided with precise scales, may be deceived without any interference in scale ope...

Probabilistic assessment on the code-specified impact factors of RC decks is investigated by means of a three-dimensional traffic-induced dynamic response analysis of bridges combined with the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The random variables considered in the simulation are the roadway roughness, bump height, traveling position of vehicles, vehicle running speed and axle load of three-axl...

Wheels are very important for the safety of a train. The diameter of the wheel is a significant parameter that needs regular inspection. Traditional methods only use the contact points of the wheel tread to fit the rolling round. However, the wheel tread is easily influenced by peeling or scraping. Meanwhile, the circle fitting algorithm is sensitive to noise when only three points are used. Th...

We find that the recently introduced model of self-trapping supported by a spatially growing strength of a repulsive nonlinearity gives rise to robust vortex-soliton tori, i.e., three-dimensional vortex solitons, with topological charges S≥1. The family with S=1 is completely stable, while the one with S=2 has alternating regions of stability and instability. The families are nearly exactly rep...

In spite of knowledge of conventional gating design casting defects such as shrinkage and gas porosities were found in front axle housing a critical automotive component. This component is generally made out of spheroidal graphite iron. A flawed gating system was found to be the reason for improper fluid flow and melt solidification which in turn produced casting defects. Optimization of the ga...