VSMC signaling, tunica media formation, and VSMC dif-fungi lay in using them, with the visible morphology of their mycelium, asexual dispersal systems, and fruiting ferentiation. The remaining five chapters of the book bodies, for studies of development. J.T. Bonner and his provide details on the formation of blood vessels in students used the slime mold Dictyostelium dicoideum selected vascula...

BACKGROUND The endochitinase ChiA74 is a soluble secreted enzyme produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that synergizes the entomotoxigenecity of Cry proteins that accumulate as intracellular crystalline inclusion during sporulation. The purpose of this study was to produce alkaline-soluble ChiA74∆sp inclusions in B. thuringiensis, and to determine its effect on Cry crystal production, sporulation ...

In X-irradiated Acetabularia cells, cysts fail to germinate. However, meiosis of the primary nucleus and mitosis of secondary nuclei take place. The observed loss of fertility could result from a 'late' death effect or from deleterious interaction between nuclei of opposite sign inside multinucleate cysts. Algae are known to be more resistant to ionizing radiation than higher plants or animals ...

The presence of stomata is a diagnostic trait of all living and extinct land plants with the exception of liverworts. They are preserved widely in the fossil record from anatomically pristine stomatal complexes on permineralized and charcoalified stems of the earliest land plants dating back .400 million years to isolated guard cell pairs in quaternary aged palynological samples. Detailed study...

A mphibians are facing an extinction crisis that threatens up to 50% of all species (1, 2). Uniquely, a pathogenic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is now recognized as a proximate driver of these declines (3). The pathogen’s widespread global host range in 400 species of amphibian on 5 continents gives unfortunate candidacy for this being the most destructive emergence of infectiou...

The presence of stomata is a diagnostic trait of all living and extinct land plants with the exception of liverworts. They are preserved widely in the fossil record from anatomically pristine stomatal complexes on permineralized and charcoalified stems of the earliest land plants dating back .400 million years to isolated guard cell pairs in quaternary aged palynological samples. Detailed study...

The first recognizable mention of spores in the Saprolegniaceae is in Gruithuisen’s account (1821:445, pl. 38, figs. 14-16) of “seeds” in “compartments” at the ends of filaments of “Conferva” ferax. Hannover’s exposition (1842) of the nature of spores and spore discharge in a watermold was far more detailed: records of daily observations on motility, encystment, and germination. It was Unger (1...

Ongoing molecular phylogenetic studies of cheilanthoid ferns confirm that the genus Cheilanthes (Pteridaceae) is polyphyletic. A monophyletic group of species within the hemionitid clade informally called the “C. marginata group” is here shown to be distinct from its closest relatives (the genus Aspidotis) and phylogenetically distant from the type species of Cheilanthes. This group is here seg...

Danies, G., Small, I. M., Myers, K., Childers, R., and Fry, W. E. 2013. Phenotypic characterization of recent clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States. Plant Dis. 97:873-881. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduct...