UNLABELLED Sewage spills can release antibiotic-resistant bacteria into surface waters, contributing to environmental reservoirs and potentially impacting human health. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are nosocomial pathogens that have been detected in environmental habitats, including soil, water, and beach sands, as well as wildlife feces. However, VRE harboring vanA genes that confer ...

When customers for a product from N substitutable alternatives find their first choice sold out, they might “spill” to their second-most preferred products. The existing literature typically assumes an exogenous spill rate. We develop a surprisingly simple model that links the spill rate to economic factors associated with direct demand systems.

The Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston coal ash spill in December 2008 deposited approximately 4.1 million m(3) of fly ash and bottom ash into the Emory and Clinch River system (Harriman, Tennessee, U.S.A.). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the ash on surface water and sediment quality over an eighteen month period after the spill, with a specific focus on mercury a...

Salt marshes in northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA were oiled, sometimes heavily, in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Previous studies indicate that fiddler crabs (in the genus Uca) and the salt marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) were negatively impacted in the short term by the spill. Here, we detail longer-term effects and recovery from moderate and heavy oiling over ...

As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and range from the biophysical to the social. We provide a summary literature review and overview framework to help communities systematically consider the factors and linkages that would inf...

In this paper I present an approach to idioms in the HPSG framework. Building on earlier work by Copestake 1994, it employs phrasal types that specify the semantic relationship between the idiomatic words involved. Underspecified Phrasal Semantics (UPS) does not require separate lexical entries for the words occurring in idioms, and treats a wide range of data more successfully than previous al...

On April 20, 2010, an oil well cap explosion below the Deepwater Horizon, an off-shore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico, started the worst human-caused submarine oil spill ever. Though an historic tragedy for the marine ecosystem, the unprecedented monitoring of the spill in real time by satellites and increased modeling of the natural oceanic flows has provided a wealth of data, allowing analysis...

A wide variety of chemicals are shipped in bulk world-wide, raising concerns regarding the ecological and human health risks of spills of hazardous materials. A screening analysis was performed, using the chemical spill model CHEMMAP to estimate the expected fate and concentrations of chemical in water resulting from a spill into a large estuary and the potential ecological hazards to aquatic b...

Assessing the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with a dependable baseline comparison can provide reliable insight into environmental stressors on organisms that were potentially affected by the spill. Fluctuating asymmetry (small, non-random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is an informative metric sensitive to contaminants that can be used to assess environmental stress le...

Intentional and unintentional Oil spill in the ocean is significantly harmful to marine life, coastal area and whole environment. There are many softwares available which can detect oil spill but they are not application specific and some of them are paid. We have implemented feature extraction for oil spill detection using imageJ tool. This paper gives implementation details and results of fea...