Global data sets provide strong evidence of convergence for leaf structure with leaf longevity such that species having thick leaves, low specific leaf area, low mass-based nitrogen concentrations, and low photosynthetic rates typically exhibit long leaf life span. Leaf longevity and corresponding leaf structure have also been widely linked to plant potential growth rate, plant competition, and...

While most temperate broad-leaved tree species form ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses, a few species have arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). It is not known whether EM and AM tree species differ systematically with respect to fine root morphology, fine root system size and root functioning. In a species-rich temperate mixed forest, we studied the fine root morphology and biomass of three EM and three AM...

In Citrus L. sp., specific root length of whole root systems has been correlated positively with root hydraulic conductivity, but there is little mechanistic understanding of the causes for this association. The hydraulic conductivity of individual roots in relation to root anatomical characteristics in seedlings of three citrus rootstocks [sour orange (SO) (Citrus aurantium L.), trifoliate ora...

Pistacia vera L. is a decidious tree. To investigate the influence of soaking seeds in polyamines (PAs) spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) on seed germination and enhancing lateral root development of ‘Ghazvini’ pistachio seedling rootstock, the experiment were carried out in petri dishes and plastic bags. Seeds were soaked in PAs( Spd, Spm, and Put) at three concentrations( ...

The use of blasting cost (BC) prediction to achieve optimal fragmentation is necessary in order to control the adverse consequences of blasting such as fly rock, ground vibration, and air blast in open-pit mines. In this research work, BC is predicted through collecting 146 blasting data from six limestone mines in Iran using the artificial neural networks (ANNs), gene expression programming (G...

Pyrethrum is a perennial daisy grown commercially for the insecticide that is extracted from its flowers. In order to evaluate germination and seedling growth of pyrethrum under different temperature and drought stress treatments, an experiment was conducted in seed technology laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan branch in 2018. During this experiment, poly...

24-Epibrassinolide belongs to the brassinosteroid family of plant hormones, and carbenoxolone is a synthetic analogue of glycyrrhizic acid that inhibits enzymes important in steroid and prostaglandin action in animals. The e€ect of these compounds on root nodulation, root growth and shoot growth of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tracy M was examined. Epibrassinolide reduced total nodulation, plant ...

This study evaluated the influence of tooth embedding media on the accuracy ofan electronic apex locator. The root canal length of 20 human mandibular canines was measured by inserting a 15 K-file into the root canal up to the apical foramen. The distance was measured with a digital caliper. The embedding media evaluated were alginate, saline, floral foam or gauze soaked in saline. Electronic r...