This chapter reviews the most important fact of the application-level multicast (ALM) and then describes a novel concept of modeling relative density of members called bunched mode and a proposed host-end multicast routing protocol called shortest tunnel first (STF). The bunched mode is based on the thematic multicast concept (TMC), which means that it is a typical multicast scenario where ther...

Soil animals are considered as important contributors to soil fertility However, there is paucity of such information for harsh climatic conditions. Therefore, the below ground faunal density and frequency have been studied in relation to physicochemical properties of soil in Thar desert. The selected soil systems were Vigna radiata--Cuminum cyminum, grassland, flower garden and Zizyphus maurit...

An efficient disintegrant is capable of breaking up a tablet in the smallest possible particles in the shortest time. Until now, comparative data on the efficacy of different disintegrants is based on dissolution studies or the disintegration time. Extending these approaches, this study introduces a method, which defines the evolution of fractal dimensions of tablets as surrogate parameter for ...

Stainless steel square-honeycombs have been manufactured by slotting together steel sheets and then brazing the assembly. Their out-of-plane compressive response has been measured as a function of the relative density, the ratio of specimen height to cell size, and the degree of constraint associated with bonding of the honeycomb to face-sheets. It has been found that, for the practical range o...

BaTiO3-based positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors have been prepared by microwave sintering. The sintering process was carried out in a 2.45 GHz multimode microwave tube furnace without any susceptor The heating behavior of the PTC material, influence of processing conditions on microstructure, and electrical properties of the sintered samples were investigated. The sintering temp...

In this first of two articles on the modeling of tablet compaction, the experimental inputs related to the constitutive model of the powder and the powder/tooling friction are determined. The continuum-based analysis of tableting makes use of an elasto-plastic model, which incorporates the elements of yield, plastic flow potential, and hardening, to describe the mechanical behavior of microcrys...

Hot-pressing is a powder metallurgy process where loose powder is loaded into a mould, usually of graphite, and sintered by the simultaneous application of high temperature and pressure. In this study elemental titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy powders are hot-pressed under different conditions in order to study the influence of the processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical propert...

The decomposition of almost fully reacted (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO-2223) tapes caused by heating in 1 atm of pure O2 at 825 C has been studied. It was found that partially decomposing 2223 tapes to a mixture of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy, (Ca,Sr)2PbO4, and other secondary phases reduced the critical current density (77 K, 0 T) from ~20 kA/cm to nearly zero. Reheating the tapes in 7.5% O2 restored the 222...

Nitrate reduction is performed by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Analysis of narG (alpha subunit of the membrane bound nitrate reductase) trees constructed using environmental sequences revealed a new cluster that is not related to narG gene from known nitrate-reducing bacteria. In this study, primers targeting this as yet uncultivated nitrate-reducing group were designed and used to develo...

A mycological survey was carried out at Entre Ríos province, Argentina, on sorghum grain, maize, rice, soybean seeds and on freshly harvested and stored wheat. The isolation frequencies and relative densities of species belonging to genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and other fungi were calculated. Alternaria alternata was the major fungal species isolated from sorghum, rice...