Setting up effective conservation strategies requires the precise determination of the targeted species' distribution area and, if possible, its local abundance. However, detection issues make these objectives complex for most vertebrates. The detection probability is usually <1 and is highly dependent on species phenology and other environmental variables. The aim of this study was to define a...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) holds great promise for conservation applications like the monitoring of invasive or imperiled species, yet this emerging technique requires ongoing testing in order to determine the contexts over which it is effective. For example, little research to date has evaluated how seasonality of organism behavior or activity may influence detection probability of eDNA. We appl...

Carriage and density of gametocytes, the transmission stages of malaria parasites, are determined for predicting the infectiousness of humans to mosquitoes. This measure is used for evaluating interventions that aim at reducing malaria transmission. Gametocytes need to be detected by amplification of stage-specific transcripts, which requires RNA-preserving blood sampling. For simultaneous, hig...

The fungi are characterized by their abilities to produce and secrete enzymes to the external environment. The species of genus Mucor are a group of fungal microbes with important biotechnological potential, which are responsible for production of industrial enzymes. This work evaluated the ability of protease production in twelve species of genus Mucor. The strains were kept for 120 h under th...

Existing image classification datasets used in computer vision tend to have a uniform distribution of images across object categories. In contrast, the natural world is heavily imbalanced, as some species are more abundant and easier to photograph than others. To encourage further progress in challenging real world conditions we present the iNaturalist species classification and detection datas...

Conventional methods to detect Salmonella spp. in foodstuffs may take up to 1 wk. Methods for pathogen detection are required. Real-time detection of Salmonella spp. will broaden our ability to screen large number of samples in a short time. This chapter describes a step-by-step procedure using an oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target DNA (Molecular Bea...

The ability to isolate in pure culture the bacteria that cause 1492R [2]. The amplified genes were singularized by cloning, reamplified with the same primers, and then together with amplidisease in humans has been a cornerstone of the advances made in medical microbiology over the past hundred years and an essential fied 16S rRNA genes from the cultivated bacteria were digested component of Koc...

Detecting conserved regions in multiple species alignment is crucial when modeling orthologous entities. However, in phylogenetic analysis of entities other than genes, for instance transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), this proves to be non-trivial due to the high functional turnover and incomplete orthology even within close species, such as Drosophila clade. Having more species does not...

Genus Phellinus taxonomically belongs to Aphyllophorales and some species of this genus have been used as a medicinal ingredients and Indian folk medicines. Especially, P. linteus and morphological-related species are well-known medicinal fungi that have various biological activities such as humoral and cell-mediated, anti-mutagenic, and anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about th...