BACKGROUND Multiple factors influence timing of dialysis initiation. The impact of supply of nephrology workforce on timing and incidence of dialysis initiation is not well known. METHODS We determined the number of pediatric and adult nephrologists in each state using data from the American Medical Association and American Boards of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. We ascertained state popu...

many other biomedical journals dealing with cancer research, often publishes papers whose principal aim it is to test the association between quantative measurements of biological variables. When these are expressed on continuous scales, the statistics most frequently adopted to test their association are the Bravais-Pearson (parametric) and the Spearman (non-parametric) correlation coefficient...

A multidimensional unfolding technique that is not prone to degenerate solutions and is based on multidimensional scaling of a complete data matrix is proposed: distance information about the unfolding data and about the distances both among judges and among objects is included in the complete matrix. The latter information is derived from the permutation polytope supplemented with the objects,...

We investigate two classes of transformations of cosine similarity and Pearson and Spearman correlations into metric distances, utilising the simple tool of metric-preserving functions. The first class puts anti-correlated objects maximally far apart. Previously known transforms fall within this class. The second class collates correlated and anti-correlated objects. An example of such a transf...

abstract in this research, temporal trends of reference evapotranspiration (et0) values were investigated in arid regions of iran. for this purpose, the meteorological observations collected from 11 high quality meteorological sites for a 41-year period (1965-2005) were used and statistically significant et0 trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual time basis were detected by the non-parametr...

Comparing and ranking information is an important topic in social and information sciences, and in particular on the web. Its objective is to measure the difference of the preferences of voters on a set of candidates and to compute a consensus ranking. Commonly, each voter provides a total order of all candidates. Recently, this approach has been generalized to bucket orders, which allow ties. ...

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1 College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (B.L.) 2 Department of Earth, Environmental and Geospatial Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-25-8378-7358; Fax: +86-25-83787361 †...

Objectives. To assess the relationship between nocturnal polysomnographic (PSG) findings and a group of key self-reported symptoms-fatigue, tiredness, lack of energy, and sleepiness-among sleep-laboratory referred patients with and without multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. PSG and questionnaire data from n = 30 MS patients and n = 30 matched controls were analyzed retrospectively. Associations ...