the aim of the current study was to examine the effect of metacognitive instruction on efl learners’ metacognitive awareness of listening strategies, listening comprehension, and oral language proficiency. fifty students of two upper-intermediate english courses participated in the study and were sampled as the experimental and control groups. for sixteen weeks the experimental group participat...

Modern uses of the word literally are surveyed, and the solecistic misuse of this word as an expression of speaker commitment is shown to be a natural semantic extension of its basic metalinguistic meaning. The development appears to be typical of a large class of intensifiers, though it is argued that literally itself is only in the early stages of such an evolution. Aspects of this developmen...

Many have pondered the potential impact of Mendel's work if Darwin had come across it in his lifetime. Darwin found difficulty with a blending inheritance and natural selection but a new letter suggests he was grappling with a more modern view. Nigel Williams reports.

a growing body of research has indicated that students of esl/efl are reticent and unwilling to be engaged in oral activities in english lessons. communicative language ability includes speaking ability, so vocabulary knowledge plays an integral role in speaking a language. however, there have been few studies examining the degree to which vocabulary knowledge affects speaking ability. the pres...

Bacteria use a variety of means to communicate with one another and with their eukaryotic hosts. In some cases, social interactions allow bacteria to synchronize the behavior of all of the members of the group and thereby act like multicellular organisms. By contrast, some bacterial social engagements promote individuality among members within the group and thereby foster diversity. Here we exp...

O ccupational therapy is realizing some of its professional potential in generating new knowledge. Many occupational therapists are pursuing graduate degrees, including the scholar's criterion, the doctor of philosophy (American Occupational Therary Association [AOTAj, 1989). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy is publishing more research parers, and the Occupational Therapy Journal of...

this paper was aimed at investigating the persian-speaking translation trainees perception of politeness of english request strategies. they judged the strategies for requesting (e.g. can, could, will, do, etc.) using the paired comparison method. the findings showed great divergence between the judgment of english native speakers with respect to the degree of politeness of 14 generic request s...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching communication strategies on students’ self-efficacy in speaking in content-based courses in Iranian EFL context. To this end, 30 students in two content-based classes, one as the experimental group and another as the control group, in SAMA private junior high school school in Tabriz, participated in this study. Communication st...