Most disfluencies, I argue, are not truly mistakes. Rather, speakers design them as signals for coordinating with their addressees on certain of their speech actions. At the lowest level, speakers try to synchronize their vocalizations with their addressees’ attention. At the next level up, they try to synchronize, or pace, the presentation of each expression with their addressees’ analysis of ...

Among many factors affecting learning a language, motivation is the most well- documented in theory and less operationalized in practice entity and it calls for consideration when it comes to learn speaking skill in English as Foreign Language (EFL) education ecology. This study investigates the effect of storytelling through puppets on 60 Iranian pre -intermediate EFL learners' Motivation and ...

Speaking and writing are the productive skills of language and share similar components. In other words, writing and speaking are clearly related activities, but the modes of production are different. In addition, among a number of personality variables in predicting English language proficiency, extraversion/introversion has been extensively studied. This quasi-experimental study aims at explo...

Writing and speaking are the productive skills of a language and share similar components. However, there has been little attempt to investigate the impact of writing practice on the speaking proficiency of the learners. The present study using a pretest-posttest controlled group design in a quasi-experimental approach investigated the effect of guided writing practice on the speaking proficien...

Objectives: The present research aims to study the normal development of Percentage of Consonant Correct (PCC) in Kurdish-speaking children, with Middle Kurmanji-Mukryani Dialect as an Articulation Competency Index (ACI). PCC was examined in terms of the manner of articulation and position of sound in the word.  Methods: In this descriptoanalytical cross-sectional study, 120 Kurdish-speak...

We aim at the realization of an Embodied Conversational Agent able to interact naturally and emotionally with user(s). In previous work [23], we have elaborated a model that computes the nonverbal behaviors associated to a given set of communicative functions. Specifying for a given emotion, its corresponding facial expression will not produce the sensation of expressivity. To do so, one needs ...