We investigated the spatial variation of vitreous oxygen consumption in enucleated porcine eyes. A custom made oxygen source was fabricated that could be localized to either the mid or posterior vitreous cavity and steady state vitreous oxygen tension was measured as a function of distance from the source using a commercially available probe. The reaction rate constant of ascorbate oxidation wa...

We present a theory of orientational order in nematic liquid crystals which interpolates between several distinct approaches based on the director field (Oseen and Frank), order parameter tensor (Landau and de Gennes), and orientation probability density function (Onsager). As in density-functional theories, the suggested free energy is a functional of spatially-dependent orientation distributi...

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have prompted an expansion in approaches to deriving health metrics to measure progress toward their achievement. Accurate measurements should take into account the high degrees of spatial heterogeneity in health risks across countries, and this has prompted the development of sophisticated cartographic techniques for mapping and modeling risks. Conversio...

A spatial gamut mapping technique is proposed to overcome the shortcomings encountered with standard pointwise gamut mapping algorithms by preserving spatially local luminance variations in the original image. It does so by first processing the image through a standard pointwise gamut mapping algorithm. The difference between the original image luminance Y and gamut mapped image luminance Y’ is...

Introduction Conclusions References

BACKGROUND Due to the lack of small-scale neighbourhood-level health related indicators, the analysis of social and spatial determinants of health often encounter difficulties in assessing the interrelations of neighbourhood and health. Although secondary data sources are now becoming increasingly available, they usually cannot be directly utilized for analysis in other than the designed study ...

at the beginning of the twentieth century, most countries in response to the complexities and problems of urbanization began their first actions of spatial planning. switzerland is not excluded from this list and started spatial planning acts from the lowest level and today, after more than a century, is continuing with emphasis on spatial planning principles of sustainability, public and priva...