1) Species distribution models (SDMs) are currently the main tools to derive species niche estimates and spatially explicit predictions for geographical distribution. However, unobserved environmental conditions ecological processes may confound model if they have direct impact on and, at same time, correlated with observed covariates. This, so-called spatial confounding, is a general property ...

The U.S. Department of Labor has identified Geotechnology as one of three mega technologies for the 21 century noting that it will forever change how we will conceptualize, utilize and visualize spatial information. Of the spatial triad comprising Geotechnology (GPS, GIS and RS), the spatial analysis and modeling capabilities of Geographic Information Systems provides the greatest untapped pote...

The areal modeling of the extremes of a natural process such as rainfall or temperature is important in environmental statistics; for example, understanding extreme areal rainfall is crucial in flood protection. This article reviews recent progress in the statistical modeling of spatial extremes, starting with sketches of the necessary elements of extreme value statistics and geostatistics. The...