Cryo-electron-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of flaviviruses reveal significant variation in epitope occupancy across different monoclonal antibodies that have largely been attributed to epitope-level differences in conformation or accessibility that affect antibody binding. The consequences of these variations for macroscopic properties such as antibody binding and neutralization are the resu...

Spatial cognition research has recently made much progress in understanding the cognitive representations and processes underlying human wayfinding. Many theoretical assumptions about the concept of landmark salience have been established. In this context it is important to define perceptual (or visual) and structural landmark salience. Structural salience is defined as the position of a landma...

We propose a canonical model for object classes in aerial images. This model is motivated by the observation that geographic regions of interest are characterized by collections of texture motifs corresponding to geographic processes. Furthermore, the spatial arrangement of the motifs is an important discriminating characteristic. In our approach, the states of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) corre...

We describe a detailed analysis of the spatial arrangement of L, M and S cones in the living eyes of two humans and one monkey. We analyze the cone mosaics near 1 degrees eccentricity using statistical methods that characterize the arrangement of each type of cone in the mosaic of photoreceptors. In all eyes, the M and L cones are arranged randomly. This gives rise to patches containing cones o...

Hoist scheduling is an important element for productivity maximization in multi-stage material handling processes, especially in electroplating system. However, the productivity of a multi-stage process not only depends on the hoist schedule, but also substantially relies on the production line arrangement, i.e., the design for spatial allocations of various processing units. In this paper, an ...

The arrangement of ganglion cell receptive fields on the retinal surface should constrain several properties of vision, including spatial resolution. Anatomic and physiological studies on the mammalian retina have shown that the receptive fields of several types of ganglion cells tile the retinal surface, with the degree of receptive field overlap apparently being similar for the different clas...

Performance in visual quantification tasks shows two characteristic patterns as a function of set size. A precise subitizing process for small sets (up to four) was contrasted with an approximate estimation process for larger sets. The spatial arrangement of elements in a set also influences visual quantification performance, with frequently perceived arrangements (e.g., dice patterns) being fa...