We report about universality of rank-integration distributions of open spaces in city space syntax similar to the famous rank-size distributions of cities (Zipf's law). We also demonstrate that the degree of choice an open space represents for other spaces directly linked to it in a city follows a power law statistic. Universal statistical behavior of space syntax measures uncovers the universa...

introduction the urban population experienced rapid growth in the recent decades, particularly between 1975 and 2000 when it has reached from 1.5 to more than 2 billion people. by turn of the century; half of the world's populations are concentrated in cities. this would severely affect the quality of life in urban areas. accordingly, cities will be faced with significant challenges in inf...

The Košutnjak forest in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, with an area 259 ha, provides ecological and social benefits to its inhabitants, but composition has changed last 20 years: areas have decreased, people become irresponsible towards soil, degradation is evident. question whether potential regenerate survive. horizontal assessment attributes was carried out using data from official database a...

Developed here is an integrated framework for identifying production-living-ecological space (PLES) quantitatively at grid scale from the perspective of multifunction land use, and 25 compound types are classified to highlight multiple functions PLES. As a typical mountainous city in northern Hebei province, Zhangjiakou used as case study, results show that more than 80% has remarkable triple f...