introduction: aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is one of the most well-known hepatocarcinogens in humans. contamination of raw materials, used in the production of sausages and burgers, with aflatoxin producing molds can lead to increased level of aflatoxin in the final products and can impose hazards to human health. unfortunately, aflatoxin is resistant to heating and freezing processes, etc. and can rema...

What is the most effective way to grill food? Timing everything, since only one surface exposed heat at a given time. Should we flip once, or many times? We present simple model of cooking by flipping, and some interesting observations emerge. The rate depends on spectrum linear operator, fixed point map. If system has symmetric thermal properties, becomes independent sequence flips, as long la...

An application of the generalized tanh–coth method to search for exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations is analyzed. This method is used for variants of the KdV–Burger and the K(n, n)–Burger equations. The generalized tanh–coth method was used to construct periodic wave and solitary wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. This method is developed for searching exac...

We demonstrate how a non-nested statistical test developed by Vuong (1989) can be used to assess the suitability of alternate order-of-entry assumptions used for identification purposes in empirical entry models. As an example, we estimate an entry model of McDonald’s and Burger King restaurant outlets in United States. The data set focuses on relatively small “isolated” markets. For these mark...

Cloning and sequencing of two cDNAs from mRNA of maturing pea (Pisum sativum) seeds allowed the deduction of the complete amino acid sequence of a lipoxygenase polypeptide which is most similar to that of soya-bean lipoxygenase 2. The predicted Mr of this polypeptide is 97134, and its sequence permits comparisons between the lox2-type and the lox3-type lipoxygenase isoforms from pea and soya be...

Ovarian hormones are biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Soybean consumption may be responsible in part for lower levels of ovarian hormones and decreased rates of breast cancer in women in Asia compared with Western populations. Soybeans contain a significant amount of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, which are weak estrogens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soya feedi...

Urinary isoflavone excretion is used to monitor compliance and examine biological effects. The present study determined if there were alterations in urinary isoflavone excretion following the ingestion of different soya foods and if age and gender potentially modified profiles. Twenty premenopausal women, seventeen post-menopausal women and twenty men received a defined single oral bolus dose (...

The isoflavonoid genistein inhibits mitosis and increases apoptosis in a variety of tumour cell lines in vitro, and may exert anticarcinogenic effects in vivo. To assess its effects on the colon, rats were fed a semi-synthetic control diet, or similar diets enriched with genistein (0.25 g/kg), either as the pure isoflavone or as part of a soya protein isolate, for 7 days before receiving subcut...