[1] An Earth System model is used to explore the response of the oceanic and terrestrial carbon sinks to strengthening and poleward shifting of the extratropical Southern Hemisphere winds, which is a robust feature of climate models’ response to greenhouse gas forcing through the 20th and 21st centuries. We find that under time-varying CO2 emissions poleward intensifying Southern Hemisphere win...

The role of the Southern Ocean in global climate is examined using three simulations with a coupled model employing geometries different only at the location of Drake Passage (DP). The results of three main experiments are examined: 1) a simulation with DP closed, 2) an experiment with DP at a shallow (690 m) depth, and 3) a realistic DP experiment. The climate with DP closed is characterized b...

On 16 March 2002, Cluster moved from nightside to dayside, across the high-altitude northern cusp during an extended period of relatively steady positive IMF BY and BZ. Combined Cluster and SuperDARN data imply the existence of two reconnection sites: in the highlatitude northern hemisphere dusk and southern hemisphere dawn sectors. Within the cusp, Cluster encounters 3 distinct plasma regions....

Recent speleothem records from the tropics of both hemispheres document a gradual decrease in the intensity of the monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere and increase in the Southern Hemisphere monsoons over the Holocene. These changes are a direct response of the monsoons to precessiondriven insolation variability. With regard to atmospheric methane, this shift should result in a decrease in Nort...

Biomass burning is known to affect air quality, global carbon cycle, and climate. However, the extent to which biomass burning gases/aerosols are present on a global scale, especially in the marine atmosphere, is poorly understood. Here we report the molecular tracer levoglucosan concentrations in marine air from the Arctic Ocean through the North and South Pacific Ocean to Antarctica during bu...

A simple inverse model is proposed to deduce hemisphere-integrated COS flux based on published time series of total column COS. The global atmosphere is divided into two boxes representing the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the total column COS data from several stations are used to calculate hemispheric COS loadings. The integrated flux within each hemisphere is calculated as a linear ...

1 Global average cooling and Northern Hemisphere winter warming are well-known 2 climatic responses to the June 15, 1991 eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in the 3 Philippines. Here we investigate the Southern Hemisphere response. Using National Centers for 4 Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis, European 5 Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting...

[1] Temporal autocorrelations of monthly mean total ozone anomalies over the 35–60 S and 35–60 N latitude bands reveal that anomalies established in the wintertime midlatitude ozone buildup persist (with photochemical decay) until the end of the following autumn, and then are rapidly erased once the next winter’s buildup begins. The photochemical decay rate is found to be identical between the ...

Previous studies have suggested a sound chronological correlation between the Hulu Cave record (East Asian monsoon) and Greenland ice-core records, which implies a dominant control of northern hemisphere climate processes on monsoon intensity. We present an objective, straightforward statistical evaluation that challenges this generally accepted paradigm for sub-orbital variability. We propose ...

BACKGROUND Several studies indicate that the month of birth affects later reproductive output of women in the Northern hemisphere. METHODS To investigate whether a comparable but time-shifted effect is also present in the Southern hemisphere where the seasonal variation of the environment is reversed, we analysed the association between birth month and offspring count in post-reproductive New...