Previous studies have shown that progesterone concentrations in serum and nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) are significantly correlated in premenopausal women, but estradiol concentrations are not. We therefore sought to ascertain the patterns of both steroids in NAF throughout the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women. Simultaneous samples of blood and NAF were obtained from 40 premenopausal ...

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing TiF(4), NaF, and SnF(2) on tooth erosion-abrasion. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were distributed into 10 groups (n = 12): experimental placebo toothpaste (no F); NaF (1450 ppm F); TiF(4) (1450 ppm F); SnF(2) (1450 ppm F); SnF(2) (1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); TiF(4) (1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); commercial toothp...

A unique coarse-grained modeling scheme that combines a systematic, solvent-free multiscale coarse-graining algorithm for a complex macromolecule with an existing coarse-grained solvent model is proposed. We show that this procedure efficiently and reliably describes the interactions for complex macromolecules, using the specific example of dendrimers binding phenanthrenes in water. The experim...

BACKGROUND Antihyperglycemic drugs have been linked to new-onset atrial fibrillation (NAF). However, the effect of the different classes of antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of NAF in elderly patients has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the association between different classes of antihyperglycemic drugs and NAF in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This wa...

OBJECTIVE Application of SnCl(2)/AmF/NaF containing mouth rinse showed good protection against erosion. The aim of the study was to evaluate if this is due to the amount of KOH-soluble fluoride (KOHsF) formed or its resistance under erosive conditions. METHODS One hundred and fifty bovine enamel samples were allocated to five groups (n = 30) and were once eroded in 0.05 mol/l citric acid (5 m...

To examine the possibility that NaF enhances phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PIC) activity in neural tissues by a mechanism independent of a guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gp), we have evaluated the contribution of Gp activation to NaF-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Addition of NaF to intact cells resulted in an increase in the relea...

A facile and efficient method for the preparation of 1,1-diacetates of aldehydes is improved. The acidified kaolin with sulfuric acid (2 % w/w) catalyzed 1,1-diacetates formation from aldehydes in solvent-free conditions. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes gave high yields (85-95 %) of the corresponding 1, 1-diacetates. Advantages of this method are the use of inexpensive and selective catal...

The effects of simulated orthodontic forces such as centrifugal force or water pressure on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cytotoxicity against mouse osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1 were investigated. Loading with centrifugal force (44.5 g/cm2) or water pressure (5 g/cm2) slightly reduced the cell proliferation and additively enhanced the cytotoxic activity of millimolar concentrations of NaF. NaF...

It was hypothesized that NaF induces calcium sensitization in Ca(2+)-controlled solution in permeabilized rat mesenteric arteries. Rat mesenteric arteries were permeabilized with beta-escin and subjected to tension measurement. NaF potentiated the concentration-response curves to Ca(2+) (decreased EC(50) and increased E(max)). Cumulative addition of NaF (4.0, 8.0 and 16 mM) also increased vascu...