Here we investigate the modulation of solvent isotope effects by the entry of DNA molecules into individual α-haemolysin nanopores. Solvent isotope effects in D2O versus H2O were enhanced (kH/kD ≈ 1.6) compared to the bulk (kH/kD ≈ 1.2), except when the pore was most blocked (kH/kD ≤ 1.1).

The effects of temperature and solvent substitution with deuterium oxide (D2O) on axoplasmic (ga) and gap junctional (gj) conductances were examined in the earthworm septate median giant axon (MGA). The temperature coefficients (Q10) for ga and gj were 1.4 and 1.5, respectively, between 5 and 15 degrees C. Substitution with D2O rapidly reduced both ga and gj by 20% and increased the Q10's to 1....

We describe the clinical evaluation of the nervous-system effects of solvent exposure. We review the current evidence in the epidemiological literature on neurotoxicological effects of solvents, and outline methods and issues to be taken into account in assessment of the patient whose symptoms may be related to solvent toxicity. Primary prevention of these disorders is essential, because treatm...

Glyphosate is a systemic and non-selective herbicide consisting of a glycine and a phosphonomethyl group [1]. The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) has increased significantly as to be worthy of attention in the health areas, both environmental and human health [2]. In case of treatment, e.g. water depollution, it is important to know the details of molecular degradation mechanism. Comp...

The three-dimensional reference interaction-site model self-consistent field (3D-RISM-SCF) theory is an electronic structure of solvated molecules, which can handle the polarization solute molecule induced by interaction with solvent, whereas solvent molecules ignored. Here, solvent-polarizable implemented to take into account molecules. It applied water in aqueous solution and p-nitroaniline s...

background & aim: salvia officinalis is known as a traditional medicine for several diseases in countries like lebanon, syria, jordan, etc. in addition, s. officinalis has been subjected to several studies in a try to specify its medicinal effects. this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of this plant. the aim of the present research was to study antibacterial effects of s. o...

Solvents are commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations and sanitary products and cleansers. The uptake of solvent into the skin may change the molecular organization of skin lipids and proteins, which may in turn alter the protective skin barrier function. We herein examine the molecular effects of 10 different solvents on the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum (SC), u...

The influence of solvent on the slow internal dynamics of proteins is studied by comparing molecular dynamics simulations of solvated and unsolvated lysozyme. The dynamical trajectories are projected onto the protein's normal modes in order to obtain a separate analysis for each of the associated time scales. The results show that solvent effects are important for the slowest motions (below app...

This review compiles positively and negatively solvatochromic compounds which have been used to establish empirical scales of solvent polarity by means of UV/vis/near-IR spectroscopic measurements in solution-with particular emphasis on the E ~ ( 3 0 ) scale derived from negatively solvatochromic pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes. This requires a short discussion of the concept of solvent pol...

We investigate theoretically and experimentally how the rate and extent of membrane permeation is affected by switching the donor delivery solvent from water to squalane for different permeants and membranes. In a model based on rate-limiting membrane diffusion, we derive explicit equations showing how the permeation extent and rate depend mainly on the membrane-donor and membrane-receiver part...