In the last years, as fenestration and shading systems have become more complex and sophisticated, a great improvement of thermal and solar-optical performance has been required and as a consequence old methods of characterization have become inadequate. This evolution has yielded the introduction of new lumped parameters and the implementation of more sophisticated calculation models, which al...

In many parts of the world, snowmelt energetics are dominated by solar irradiance. This is particularly the case in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, where clear skies dominate the winter and spring. In mountains, solar irradiance at the snow surface is not only affected by solar angles, atmospheric transmittance, and the slope and aspect of immediate topography but also by shadows from surrounding...

Abstract Solar drying is a sustainable process that may impact the quality of dried food. This because, pigments contained in food are sensitive to sunlight, and exposure ultraviolet radiation can affect them. We applied biopolymer-based coatings on strawberry, from hydro-colloidal solutions Opuntia ficus indica -mucilage, fenugreek, xanthan gum, gum Arabic, guar evaluate their potential use as...

Thenatural convective domestic dryer has been designed and fabricated in conformity with the atmospheric conditions of Kashmir Valley. Bottle gourd was dehydrated samples were analyzed for quality attributes. The drying time reduced to 22 hours, water activity sampleis restricted low value (0.349) leading constrained microbial growth. Moisture content dried is found be 2.842 % which significant...

Radiative heterogeneity in greenhouses significantly influences crop activity, particularly transpiration and photosynthesis. This is especially true for plastic tunnels, which are the most commonly used greenhouse type in the Mediterranean basin. A computer model was generated for this study based on sun movement, greenhouse geometry, transmittance of the cover and weather conditions. Experime...

Detailed analyses of melting processes in phase change material (PCM) glazing units, changes direct transmittance as well investigation refraction index were provided based on laboratory measurements. The main goal the study was to determine light versus time under constant solar radiation intensity and stable temperature surrounding air. experiment conducted a triple glazed unit with one cavit...

The translucency of comparable shades of five dental porcelains was determined. Both direct transmittance and total transmittance were measured at wavelengths of 400-700 nm. For 1 mm of porcelain, the values for direct transmittance were low and averaged 0.13 percent, whereas the values for total transmittance averaged 26.8 percent. Transmittance increased with increasing incident wavelength. T...

Studies were conducted on three herbaceous plant species growing in naturally high solar UV environments in the subalpine of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA, to determine if diurnal changes in epidermal UV transmittance (T(UV)) occur in these species, and to test whether manipulation of the solar radiation regime could alter these diurnal patterns. Additional field studies were conducted at Logan, Utah,...