AIMS To determine the effectiveness and safety of topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the management of acute anal fissure in children. METHODS Individual children were randomised to receive GTN paste or placebo for six weeks in addition to oral senna and lactulose. Patients took laxatives alone for a further 10 weeks. Each week a research nurse telephoned families to assess pain scores and ...

OBJECTIVE To study the frequency of chronic constipation in childhood at a Primary Health Care Unit and to observe its characteristics in this population. METHODS The sample consisted of 313 children aged between one and 10 years treated at the Centro de Saúde Escola, in the district of Tibério, in the town of Ribeirão Preto. Among these, 84 children with chronic constipation were selected. T...

Banknotes are widely exchanged for goods and services worldwide. During its circulation, it can get contaminated by money counting machines, atmosphere, dust, soil, storage process or during usage. soiling level is considered the most predominant reason classifying notes as defective, so reduction should be first aim of developing more durable banknotes. Many countries begin to apply clean note...

In the automotive industry Lattice-Boltzmann type flow solvers like PowerFlow from Exa Corporation are becoming increasingly important. In contrast to the traditional finite volume approach PowerFlow utilizes a hierachical cartesian grid for flow simulation. In this case study we show how to take advantage of these hierarchical grids in order to extend an existing Lattice-Boltzmann CFD environm...

Efficacy of cleaners designed for use with ultrafiltration systems was determined by microbiological evaluation and thmugh visual inspection using scanning elecmn microscopy. The ultrafiltration system containing two commercial-scale, polysulfone membranes was soiled with sweet whey (4OOC) then rinsed with water and membranes were removed. One half of each membrane was snaked for 2 h at 38OC in...

With inocula of 6 to 7 log(10) CFU, most vegetative bacteria and spores tested survived on surfaces for more than 5 weeks, but all were inactivated within 90 min of exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor in a 100-m(3) test room even in the presence of 0.3% bovine serum albumin to simulate biological soiling.