Transition metal (M) oxides with MO2 triangular layers demonstrate a variety of physical properties depending on the metal oxidation states. In the known compounds, metal oxidation states are limited to either 3+ or mixed-valent 3+/4+. A multistep soft chemistry synthetic route for novel phases with M(2+/3+)O2 triangular layers is reported.

In this paper, I will discuss different routes to preparation of nanomaterials. The biological route provided in nature, chemical route and plasma route are indicated. The plasma route to prepare nanomaterials as compared to chemical route is highlighted. In particular, the plasma method, making use of Dense Plasma Focus device (DPF) to prepare nanomaterials is discussed. A 3.3 KJ, Mather type ...

Traditionally, bio-butanol is produced with the ABE (Acetone Butanol Ethanol) process using Clostridium species to ferment sugars from biomass. However, the route is associated with some disadvantages such as low butanol yield and by-product formation (acetone and ethanol). On the other hand, butanol can be directly produced from ethanol through aldol condensation over metal oxides/ hydroxyapat...

The internal energy of hard spheres (HS) is the same as that of an ideal gas, so that the energy route to thermodynamics becomes useless. This problem can be avoided by taking an interaction potential that reduces to the HS one in certain limits. In this paper the square-shoulder (SS) potential characterized by a hard-core diameter σ′, a soft-core diameter σ > σ′ and a shoulder height ǫ is cons...


 The soft chemical method was adopted to prepare of cobalt-substituted nickel-zinc ferrites (Ni0.95-x Zn0.05COx Fe2O4 for x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03). We have recently studied their structural, morphological, magnetic properties, initial permeability, dielectric constant. They were found be with cubic ferromagnetic spinel structure, the morphology which is suitable high-density recording med...

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is widely accepted as the best planarization technique for fabricating nanoscale devices. A soft CMP pad that can enable higher oxide removal rates (RRs) and good planarity has been proposed applications. In this study, three pads namely, Pad-1 (hard), Pad-2 (soft), a commercial (hard) were used to polish blanket oxide, STI patterned wafers. The demonstrated ...

The present work deals with the synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles with good thermal stability and optical properties by a novel and simple synthetic route. The nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation method in a single reaction vessel under ambient conditions. The prepared CdS nanoparticles were compared with the bulk CdS. The Optical properties were determin...