Previous studies have suggested that formulaic and literal expressions are stored and processed according to differing characteristics, and that certain auditory–acoustic cues serve to distinguish formulaic from literal meanings. This study took these observations a step further by investigating listeners’ ability to discriminate between literal or idiomatic exemplars of ambiguous utterances an...

The simpliied pure literal algorithm solves satissability problems by c hoosing variables in a xed order and then generating subproblems for various values of the chosen variable. If some value satisses every relation that depends on the chosen variable, then only the subproblem for that preferred value is generated. Otherwise, a subproblem is generated for every value of the variable. The full...

Extended logic programs (ELPs) are a set of logic rules with strong negation  allowed in the bodies or head of the rules and weak negation ~ allowed in the bodies of the rules. ELPs enable for various forms of reasoning that cannot be achieved by definite logic programs. Answer Set Programming provides a widely acceptable semantics for ELPs. However, ELPs do not provide information regarding t...

We describe an algorithm for automatic classification of idiomatic and literal expressions. Our starting point is that idioms and literal expressions occur in different contexts. Idioms tend to violate cohesive ties in local contexts, while literals are expected to fit in. Our goal is to capture this intuition using a vector representation of words. We propose two approaches: (1) Compute inner ...

Higher levels of discourse processing evoke patterns of cognition and brain activation that extend beyond the literal comprehension of sentences. We used fMRI to examine brain activation patterns while 16 healthy participants read brief three-sentence stories that concluded with either a literal, metaphoric, or ironic sentence. The fMRI images acquired during the reading of the critical sentenc...

of the talk Beyond literal meaning, words have associations with sentiment, emotion, colour, and even music. Identifying such associations is of substantial benefit for information visualization, data sonification, and sentiment analysis, which in turn have applications in commerce, education, art, and health. I will present methods to generate highcoverage resources that capture such associati...

Web link analysis has been proven to provide significant enhancement to the precision of web search in practice. The PageRank algorithm, used in the Google Search Engine, plays an important role in improving the quality of results by employing an explicit hyperlink structure among the Web pages. The prestige of Web pages defined by PageRank is derived solely from surfers’ random walk on the Web...

We study the algebraizability of the logics constructed using literal-paraconsistent and literal-paracomplete matrices described by Lewin and Mikenbergin[11] proving that theyare all algebraizable in the sense of Blok We study the algebraizability of the logics constructed using literal-paraconsistent and literal-paracomplete matrices described by Lewin and Mikenberg in [11], proving that they ...

consisting of a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals; a literal is either a variable v (a positive literal) or the negation of a variable ¬v (a negative literal). We are to decide if there is an assignment to the variables satisfying the formula, that is, an assignment under which every clause contains at least one true literal. The example formula is satisfied by...

consisting of a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals; a literal is either a variable v (a positive literal) or the negation of a variable ¬v (a negative literal). We are to decide if there is an assignment to the variables satisfying the formula, that is, an assignment under which every clause contains at least one true literal. The example formula is satisfied by...