in iran’s history, women have always had important role in political, social, and cultural areas. after the constitutionalism movements, this role was increased and certain women found positions in executive and legislative powers. after islamic revolution, the situation changed and an islamic approached took the place of the former secular one. under this new approach it is usually claimed tha...

Aggregated journal-journal citations for 1999 are compared with similar data in the Journal Citation Reports 1998 of the Social Science Citation Index. In addition to indicating local change, probabilistic entropy measures enable us to analyze changes in distributions at different levels of aggregation. The indicators are compared by elaborating the journal-journal mappings and in relation to s...

Grid technologies are widely regarded as important innovations for drawing together distributed knowledge workers into virtual communities. After reviewing the developments in e-science, we examine the emergence of e-social science and the potential impact on scientific discovery. Grids are currently in a key developmental phase during which the field of information systems can bring significan...

Norbert elias’s The Civilizing Process, which was published in German in 1939 and first translated into english in two volumes in 1978 and 1982, is now widely regarded as one of the great works of twentieth-century sociology. this work attempted to explain how europeans came to think of themselves as more “civilized” than their forebears and neighboring societies. by analyzing books about manne...

The foundation of any scientific organisation is linked not only with developments within its particular disciplines, but also reflects the social and political influences preceding and surrounding its initiation. Therefore, in outlining the history of IASSID, it may be useful to sketch some of the factors which played a part in leading to its eventual formation. Of course, international scicnt...

The book provides a well documented basic overview of the main developments and dilemmas in the field. It contains eleven chapters, the first sketching conceptualisations of mental illness and public health issues over time, especially the divide between the medical model and the social causation model developed in antipsychiatry. The second chapter resumes developments in policy making on stra...

in the current world, entrepreneurs are origin of great developments in industrial, servant and commercial contexts and are motivator of development. the main objective of this study was to explore and deeply explain the experiences of entrepreneurs about entrepreneurship phenomenon, as they perceive themselves. research method was qualitative in the way of phenomenology. population included su...

one of the most important instruments of iranian foreign policy is an active and proactive cultural diplomacy. the exercise of such a diplomacy is more essential in neighboring strategic region of persian gulf. hence, this article strives to explore and explaine different aspects of iran’s cultural diplomacy and various determining variables that necessitate its exercise in that region. the mai...

The rising prevalence of Social Networking Sites (SNS) and their usage in multiple contexts poses new privacy challenges and increasingly prompts users to manage their online identity. To address privacy threats stemming from interacting with other users on SNS, effective Social Identity Management (SIdM) is a key requirement. It refers to the deliberate and targeted disclosure of personal attr...