This article lists fourteen open problems in artificial life, each of which is a grand challenge requiring a major advance on a fundamental issue for its solution. Each problem is briefly explained, and, where deemed helpful, some promising paths to its solution are indicated.

As the use of online social networking (OSN) sites is increasing, data extraction from OSN profiles is providing researchers with a rich source of data. Data extraction is divided into non-automated and automated approaches. However, researchers face a variety of ethical challenges especially using automated data extraction approaches. In social networking, there has been a lack of research tha...

This paper provides an overview of methodological challenges related to the epidemiological assessment of social-emotional development in children. Because population-based studies involve large cohorts and are usually multicentre in structure, they have cost, participant burden and other specific issues that affect the feasibility of the types of measures that can be administered. Despite thes...

globalization effects on social security systems and on social expenditures in different countries will be analyzed in this chapter. our consentration is yet on anglo-saxon countries . but it is assumed that many offer countries are under the same pressure of globalization on their social security expenses as the anglo-saxon countries . this will be examined later in another chapter. in previou...

this commentary explores the implications of increased social media marketing by drug manufacturers, based on findings in hyosun kim’s article of the major themes in recent food and drug administration (fda) warning letters and notices of violation regarding online direct-to-consumer promotions of pharmaceuticals. kim’s rigorous analysis of fda letters over a 10-year span highlights a relative ...

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering report has received a great deal of attention from legislators, policymakers, and educators, but what does it entail for social justice considerations in engineering? This article situates the Grand Challenges report as a cultural artifact of the engineering profession—an artifact that works to reinforce engineering’s p...

In this position paper, I introduce five grand challenges in the development of networked digital games. While this list is not intended to be exhaustive, I argue that these challenges are significant in that they are holding back the development of the next generation of innovative games.