National guidelines do not support preoperative body washing to reduce surgical site infections, instead recommending bathing or showering with soap. Yet preoperative body washing continues to be widely used in many hospitals across Europe. This paper suggests that existing trials of preoperative body washing, upon which guidelines are based, are dated and proposes a new investigation of preope...

The thermal insulation market is dominated by petroleum insulations. A gap has been identified for the manufacture of “green” insulations. These insulations must perform to the same levels of heat transfer resistance as their petroleum based counterparts. Modern petroleum derived insulations can be carcinogenic, toxic to manufacture and release toxins as they degrade. The majority are not envir...

Enterprise applications are often arranged in service-oriented architectures (SOA) nowadays. Many times services in a SOA are implemented by SOAP web services often including application-level security. With their increased computing power mobile devices such as PDA and smart-phone become promising clients for such enterprise applications. This paper contains an analysis of built-in support for...

CONTEXT Washing hands with soap prevents diarrhea, but children at the highest risk of death from diarrhea are younger than 1 year, too young to wash their own hands. Previous studies lacked sufficient power to assess the impact of household handwashing on diarrhea in infants. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of promoting household handwashing with soap among children at the highest risk of d...

As a distributed computing middleware, the Smart Data Server (SDS) provides a general framework for easy-to-build environment-independent modules with distributed functionality and a secure mechanism for invocation. But there are still some problems in the widespread cooperation with other distributed computing system and client terminal. Nevertheless, SOAP, as a new promising simple object acc...

Objectives To examine how the frequency of information regarding a real disease threat influences hand washing with soap. Design and setting The authors installed wireless devices in highway service station lavatories in England to record the proportion of individuals washing hands with soap from May 2009 to January 2010. Participants Participants were users of men's and women's toilets. Comb...

The performance and efficiency of Web Service messaging can be greatly increased by removing the redundant parts of SOAP messages. This paper describes our research work in optimizing SOAP message contents. This area is particularly important to those applications that are physically constrained mobile computing environments. The redundant or static parts of the SOAP message may be treated as m...