chaos theory discusses unstable and non-periodic behavior of non-linear fluctuating dynamicsystems. since evaporation level variations of lakes have a dynamic identity, chaos theory can have a uniquerole in collecting data of these variations. therefore it is an important and challenging problem in the field ofplanning and qualitative and quantitative management of urmia lake to verify whether ...

in this paper, we develop a freight transportation model for railway network considering hazmat transportation issue. in the transportation system considered, different customers can request for carrying hazmat and non- hazmat boxes. it is assumed that the sequence of the trains in the network is known. the objective is assigning the non-hazmat boxes and hazmat boxes to wagons of the trains so ...

The index is excellent by the Malmquist index as extended to productivity measurement. The index developed here is defined in terms of input cost rather than input quantity distance functions in supply chain. Therefore, we propose productivity change is decomposed into overall efficiency and cost technical change. These decompositions provide a clearer situation of the root sources of supply ch...