Background Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity and is the most common gynecologic disorder in women of reproductive age. We have preliminary evidence that in the presence of a 3-dimensional (3-D) fibrin matrix, human endometrial glands, stroma, and neovascularization can develop in vitro, mimicking the earliest stages of endometriosis. The aim of th...

Background: Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis. Inhibition of KSP function leads to cell cycle arrest at mitosis and ultimately to cell death. The aim of this study was to suppress KSP expression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in Hep3B cells and evaluate its anti-tumor activity. Methods: Three siRNA targeting KSP (KSP-siRNA #1-3) and one mismatched-siRNA (...

Background: T cell Immunoglobulin, Mucin (TIM)-3, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to TIM family. This receptor expresses on T helper type 1 (Th1) cells that binds to galectin-9 (Gal9); inducing an inhibitory signal. As a result, apoptosis of Th1 cells occurs and cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells becomes evident in vitro. Therefore, this immunomodulatory molecule may ...

background: the definitive endoderm (de) differentiation using the undefined media and non-human feeders can cause contaminations in the generated cells for therapeutic applications. therefore, generating safer and more appropriate de cells is needed. this study compared five different methods to establish an appropriate method for inducing an efficient de differentiation from human induced plu...

an appropriate differentiation of distinct human cd4+ t cell subset is critical for manipulating these cells for using in immunity related diseases. despite various attempts to clarify the role of different factors involved in th17 differentiation, many crucial contradictions yet remained to be optimized. although it has been shown that the differentiation of in-vitro th17 cells culture conditi...

background: umbilical cord blood (ucb) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct), used in leukemia treatment. cd26+ cells, a fraction of cd34 positive cells, are a major population of ucb cells which negatively regulate the in vivo homing and engraftment of hscs. cd26 is highly expressed in various cells such as hscs, immune cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial ce...

background: recent publications about differentiation of stem cells to germ cells have motivated researchers to make new approaches to infertility. in vitro production of germ cells improves understanding differentiation process of male and female germ cells. due to the problem of using embryonic stem cells (esc), it’s necessary the mentioned cells be replaced with some adult multi-potent stem ...

saw similar discrimination against youthful proteins when they treated the cells to spur production of reactive oxygen species. Older proteins escaped destruction even though they incurred damage. The results indicate that young proteins pass through a vulnerable stage that lasts around an hour. Folding into shape would probably take a few minutes at most, say the authors. But the proteins migh...