Rosacea is the most common inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules, visible blood vessels, and telangiectasia. The current treatment has limitations and unsatisfactory results. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptor that regulates important cellular functions, including inf...

BACKGROUND Transdermal drug delivery has become an important means of drug administration. It presents numerous advantages but it is still limited by the small number of drugs with a suitable profile. The use of solvents that affect the skin barrier function is one of the classic strategies of penetration enhancement. Some of these solvents have well characterised actions on the stratum corneum...

The usefulness of liquid crystals (LC) in topical formulations for application to skin was evaluated by measuring the in vitro permeation profile of a model compound, calcein, entrapped in a LC formulation, through excised hairless rat skin and a three-dimensional cultured human-skin model; the viability was determined using the MTT assay. Two physically stable LCs were prepared from a mixture ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of skin thickness on the in vitro permeabilities of 3 model drugs with different physicochemical properties (nicorandil (NR), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and flurbiprofen (FP)) through Sprague-Dawley rat (rat) or Yucatan micropig (YMP) skin. Intact, dermis-split, stratum corneum-stripped or stratum corneum-stripped and dermis-split rat or Y...

Characterization of native skin or cultured 3D skin models with respect to permeability plays an important role for the development and testing of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to determining the key parameters describing permeability and diffusion. Whereas respective methods are well established for native skin biopsies, only few are available for 3D skin...

Evaluated in this study were the effects of the two parameters, namely level of penetration enhancer and drug loading dose, on in vitro skin release of Caffeine and vitamin B5 and adhesion properties of drug in adhesive transdermal systems. In order to characterize in vitro drug release, a hydrodynamically Chien permeation system with rat abdominal skin was employed. Caffeine skin release rate ...

Ointments containing paromomycin (PA) have been used for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although influence of the vehicle on skin permeation is crucial for optimization of formulations containing PA, this aspect has not been investigated experimentally. In this study, we have evaluated the influence of the formulation type [oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsi...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of penetration enhancers on permeation kinetics of nitrendipine (NTP) through two different skin models. The permeation profile and related kinetics parameters such as activity parameter, diffusion parameter, lag time, relative activity parameter and relative diffusion parameter of NTP was determined in presence of some novel and widely ac...

Achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermal and transdermal products. The use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop Clotrimazole gel and to evaluate the effect of almond oil and tween 80 (in different concentrations), on the permeation of drug through rabbit skin...