Although modern biotechnology has produced extremely sophisticated and potent drugs, many of these compounds cannot be effectively delivered using current drug delivery techniques (e.g., pills and injections). Transdermal delivery is an attractive alternative, but it is limited by the extremely low permeability of skin. Because the primary barrier to transport is located in the upper 10-15 micr...

Few studies have been reported on the design of topical formulations consisting of electrodes and active drugs for electroporation as a means to increase skin permeability of the drugs, although many studies were reported for the effect of this physical means using aqueous drug solutions. We, therefore, designed a prototypic reservoir and matrix topical formulations that are suitable for electr...

psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin condition characterized by inflamed and scaly lesions of skin. whilst the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not known, psychological stress has been implicated as a potential trigger in the onset and exacerbation of the condition. psychiatric and psychological factors play an important role in at least 30% of dermatologic disorder and pathophysiologic link...

Ontogenic changes in respiratory pathways of skins of detached apple fruits were measured during a 4 month period. Results showed that an increase in pentose pathway occurred with increasing senescence in this tissue. Variation in temperature at any given age did not result in an alteration of the C(6)/C(1) ratio. CO(2) evolution from the pentose pathway in senescent fruit was directly related ...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease perpetuated by gene-environmental interactions and which is characterized by genetic barrier defects and allergic inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate an important role for the epidermal permeability barrier in AD that is closely related to chronic immune activation in the skin during systemic allergic reactions. Moreover,...

Regions of specialization for water absorption across the skin of Bufonid and Ranid anurans were identified by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, using antibodies raised against arginine vasotocin (AVT)-stimulated aquaporins (AQPs) that are specific to absorbing regions of Hyla japonica. In Bufo marinus, labeling for Hyla urinary bladder-type AQP (AQP-h2), which is also localized i...

Estimation of permeation of compounds such as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) alone or through barrier creams such as SERPACWA (Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents) requires animal experiments or in vitro testing using animal or human skin. While animal skin does not reflect the same barrier properties as human skin, human skin poses problems of procurement, cost and la...

The effect of combination of PG with DMSO, BC, IPM, Tween 80 and SLS on drug release rate was studied in vitro. The mechanism of drug release was also studied by using power law. Significant difference (One way ANOVA; p<0.05) in release rate among the 16 formulations was seen in the study. The release profiles of various formulations also showed that the added enhancers in individual batches af...

Deepwater GWK-8 is a gas well in deep sea with 1500 meters water depth and deviated sandstone formation that has good permeability, potentially high-rate well, high reservoir pressures, large size. This expected to immediately ramp up production at optimal productivity through Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO) Makassar Strait. For deep-water exploration must be commercially viable, ...

This study investigated the possibility of simultaneously extracting glucose and lactate from human subjects, at the same skin location, using transdermal reverse iontophoresis. Transdermal monitoring using iontophoresis is made possible by the skin's permeability to small molecules and the nanoporous and microporous nature of the structure of skin. The study was intended to provide information...