Seven male students were exposed to four varied air temperature environments: hot (37 degrees C) to neutral (27 degrees C) (HN), neutral to hot (NH), cool (17 degrees C) to neutral (CN), and neutral to cool (NC). The air temperature was maintained at the first condition for 20 min, then was changed to the second condition after 15 min and was held there for 20 min. Each subject wore a T-shirt, ...

In this study, xanthan gum-facilitated ethyl cellulose microsponges were prepared by the double emulsification technique and subsequently dispersed in a carbopol gel base for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium to the skin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the porous, spherical nature of the microsponges. Increase in the drug/polymer ratio (0.4:1, 0.6:1, 0.8:1, m/m) increased their yi...

Pelvic venous congestion is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although this condition represents a functional disturbance of the pelvic circulation which is related to the menstrual cycle, its aetiology remains unknown. Indirect techniques demonstrate that the vasoconstrictive reflex response of the microcirculation of the foot to a rise in venous pressure is a...

During the desorption of certain saturated polymer films, a thin skin of glassy polymer can form at the exposed surface. Not only does this inhibit desorption, but also trapping skinning, in which an increase in the desorption driving force decreases the accumulated flux, can occur. These behaviors cannot be described by a simple Fickian flux. A theoretical framework is presented for modeling s...

Model calculations of the particle flux on the surface of Mars due to the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) can provide guidance on radiobiological research and shielding design studies in support of Mars exploration science objectives. Particle flux calculations for protons, helium ions, and heavy ions are reported for solar minimum and solar maximum conditions. These flux calculations include a desc...

The thermal signatures of free-surface wakes observed in the open ocean show that the recovery of the cool skin layer is related to the degree of surface mixing and to ambient environmental conditions. Wakes produced by two surface-piercing cables of O(10 -2 m) in diameter a e analyzed using infrared imagery. Under low-wind-speed conditions when the swell and surface current were aligned, the w...

We use the method developed by Elnahhas and Johnson [“On enhancement of boundary layer skin friction turbulence: An angular momentum approach,” J. Fluid Mech. 940, A36 (2022)] Xu et al. [“Decomposition skin-friction coefficient compressible layers,” Phys. Fluids 35, 035107 (2023)] for decomposition to integrate mean temperature equation high-Reynolds-number layers arrive at an identity wall-hea...

In vivo estimates of xenobiotic chemical flux across the dermal surface of intact fish were obtained by measuring chemical loss from venous blood to expired water. An experimental system was developed to separate the dermal route of exposure from all other routes. The system was then used to measure dermal absorption of tetrachloroethane (TCE), pentachloroethane (PCE), and hexachloroethane (HCE...

celecoxib is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, joint inflammation and sport injuries. long term administration of the drug results in such complications as gastrointestinaland renal disturbances and cardio-vascular complications. the main objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of delivering celecoxib incorporated in gel formula...

OBJECTIVES The transdermal iontophoretic delivery of a novel series of 2- aminotetralins and chromanamine-based dopamine agonists was investigated in vitro. METHODS Systematic structural modifications allowed us to investigate their effect on solubility in the donor phase and iontophoretic delivery across human skin. Transport profiles were analysed with nonlinear mixed effect modelling, util...