BACKGROUND Survival of random-pattern skin flaps is important for the success of plastic and reconstructive surgeries. This study investigates isoflurane-induced protection against ischemia of skin flap and the underlying molecular mechanism in this process. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human skin fibroblast cells were exposed to isoflurane for 4 h. Expression o...

BACKGROUND One of the main challenges in skin flap surgery is tissue ischemia and following necrosis. The present study compares the effects of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 on increasing cutaneous vasculature, improving ischemia, and preventing distal necrosis in ischemic skin flaps in rat model. METHODS Thirty rats were allocated into 3 groups (n=10) and 2×8 cm dorsal random-pattern ski...

Stress-relaxation is a well-established mechanism for laboratory skin stretching, with limited clinical application in conventional suturing techniques due to the inherent, concomitant induction of ischemia, necrosis and subsequent suture failure. Skin defects that cannot be primarily closed are a common difficulty during reconstructive surgery. The TopClosure tension-relief system (TRS) is a n...

: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slow growing, locally destructive, malignant tumor of the skin. It derived from non- keratinizing cells that originate basal layer epidermis. After excision nasolabial flap, median forehead dorsal nasal glabellar flaps, bilobed cheek and craniofacial flaps are used for reconstruction. The Zitelli’s flap one most useful simple double transposition designed to mo...

BACKGROUND The retroauricular tissues have been used for a long time for ear reconstruction, but the anatomical bases of flaps of this region are not completely clear. The aim of this study was to estimate blood supply area and location of this on the skin and fascia retroauricular dependent of posterior auricular artery (PAA) to establish safe margins to design flaps for auricular reconstructi...

INTRODUCTION Reconstruction of nose defects after tumor resection, trauma or infection disease is imperative for full patient rehabilitation. For satisfying esthetic and functional results achievement, it is necessary to use surrounding skin with similar semblance, which precisely restores and imitates missing part with its outlines. MATERIAL AND METHODS This paper represents management of th...

Perforator flaps have become accepted as an excellent option for autologous breast reconstruction. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the first-line option for perforator-based flaps in most patients due to the available tissue volume, skin quality, and secondary aesthetic benefits.1,2 However, variability in patient anatomy and body habitus create the need for reliable seco...

Due to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pharyngocutaneous fistula in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction following cancer resection, the purpose of this retrospective study is to examine the selection of tubed skin flaps that impact anastomotic integrity. The flaps evaluated included radial forearm flap versus anterolateral thigh flap, and fasciocutaneous anterolateral thig...

Background: Pressure ulcers are defined as lesions of ischemic etiology in the skin or soft tissue. These lesions are secondary to increased external pressure and usually occur over bony prominences. Classification of various stages of pressure ulcers is important for the development of therapeutic strategies. The fundamental surgical treatments are debridement and excision of underlying bursa ...

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of scrotal defects after Fournier gangrene is often achieved with skin grafts or flaps, but there is no general consensus on the best method of reconstruction or how to approach the exposed testicle. We systematically reviewed the literature addressing methods of reconstruction of Fournier defects after debridement. METHODS PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched...