Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which exert multiple key signaling functions in human skin physiology and pathology, exist various isoforms. These include canonical (cPPARγ1-4) dominant negative isoforms (dnPPARγ: γORF4 (γ1-3ORF4), truncated PPARG (PPARγtr) PPARγΔ5. Yet their exact expression patterns remain unclear. Therefore, we have localized quantified PPARγ biopsies fr...

The gut counts trillions of microorganisms, while the skin is covered with billions microbes, mostly bacteria, but also fungal, archaeal, and viral species that inhabit its appendages. microbiome a key regulator for immune system aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating tissues organs in bidirectional manner. A barrier disruption combination an imbalance and/ or correlated altered response...

Generation of skin appendages in engineered skin substitutes has been limited by lack of trichogenic potency in cultured postnatal cells. To investigate the feasibility and the limitation of hair regeneration, engineered skin substitutes were prepared with chimeric populations of cultured human keratinocytes from neonatal foreskins and cultured murine dermal papilla cells from adult GFP transge...

Skin, the largest organ of the human body, is organized into an elaborate layered structure consisting mainly of the outermost epidermis and the underlying dermis. A subcutaneous adipose-storing hypodermis layer and various appendages such as hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels are also present in the skin. These multiple components of the skin ...

Objective: Trichoblastomas are rare benign tumors of the skin appendages with epithelial and mesenchymal components that exhibit differentiation to follicular germinative epithelium particularly stroma skin. Our aim was contribute already limited literature data in order gain more insights into treatment follow-up patients this condition. Methods Materials: A total 9 trichoblastoma 1 patient ma...

OBJECTIVE A relationship between the pathogenesis of some cancers and growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factors binding protein-3 has been shown. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin-like growth factors binding protein-3 in actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell ...

The article presents the main types of laboratory animals that are used to study transdermal permeability chemical compounds. We described structural features epidermis, derma and skin appendages in humans (small rodents, pigs, monkeys). also emphasized advantages disadvantages various as objects for vivo modeling. A method extrapolation called “The parallelogram method” or «Triple Pack» has be...

Like few other organs, the skin is continuously exposed to multiple exogenous and endogenous stressors. Superimposed on this is the impact of psychological stress on skin physiology and pathology. Here, we review the "brain-skin connection," which may underlie inflammatory skin diseases triggered or aggravated by stress, and we summarize relevant general principles of skin neuroimmunology and n...