In many regions around the world students with certain immigrant backgrounds underachieve in educational settings. This paper provides a review and meta-analysis on one potential source of the immigrant achievement gap: stereotype threat, a situational predicament that may prevent students to perform up to their full abilities. A meta-analysis of 19 experiments suggests an overall mean effect s...

Current environments are dynamic. For surviving, organisations should be adaptable to and interoperable with these environments; their Business Processes (BPs) have to provide means to suit the effectiveness requirements. The most important success factors are flexibility and adaptability. Situational engineering has proved its effectiveness, in terms of flexibility and reuse, in many engineeri...

Current theories of coalition formation in decision processes of systems at the level of the group lack generality in that some theories do not predict which coalitions are likely to form while others make predictions in only a narrow range of conditions. A model of coalition formation is proposed which predicts coalition formation in a variety of situations. Comparisons between predicted and o...

Correspondent inferences in attribution theory deal with assigning causes to behaviour based on true dispositions rather than situational factors. In this paper, we investigate how knowledge representation tools in Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Bayesian networks (BNs), can help represent such situations and distinguish between the types of clues used in assessing the behaviour (disposit...

Engineering situational methods requires first of all matching the situation with the available method fragments. In this paper, we describe an approach in which not only the situation, but also the success one wants to achieve with a project is taken into account. In the Situation-Success-Scenario (S) model, the project situation is compared with the project success, which is then related to t...

Informing and alerting the population in disaster situations is a challenging task. Numerous situational factors have to be considered, as well as the impact of a plethora of communication channels, and multiplication effects in the population. In order to optimize the alerting strategies and enhance alert planning, it would be beneficial to model the dissemination of alerts. In this paper, we ...

Despite the simplicity of Kurzban et al.'s framework, we argue that important information is lost in their simplification. We discuss research on delay of gratification and self-regulation that identifies key situational and psychological factors affecting how people represent rewards and costs. These factors affect the expected utilities of behavioral options and thus dramatically influence wh...