The management of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents an important clinical challenge. Since being approved in the early 1990s, aspecific immunotherapy has been a mainstay of treatment for mRCC and the only therapy that has demonstrated long-term cures for mRCC. However, in recent times there have been landmark advances made in the field of specific immunotherapy for a number of m...

While some manufacturers still advocate seating solutions that are optimized for upright and static postures, findings from an accumulating body of research conducted since the early 1990s discredits that approach. As Professor Dr. Peter Vink at TU Delft (Delft University of Technology) in The Netherlands, states: “We know that a ‘static upright sitting’ point of view is harder to defend as the...

Spread spectrum communications were originally developed for military purposes to capitilize on their desirable antijam (AJ) and low probability of intercept (LPI) properties. Since 1980s and early 1990s, though, application of the same in civilian communications has been worked upon. CDMA, based on spread spectrum communications technology, has been recognized as a viable alternative to FDMA a...

Creative telescoping is the method of choice for obtaining information about definite sums or integrals. It has been intensively studied since the early 1990s, and can now be considered as a classical technique in computer algebra. At the same time, it is still subject of ongoing research. In this paper, we present a selection of open problems in this context. We would be curious to hear about ...

While isolated neutron stars (INSs) are among the brightest γ-ray sources, they are among the faintest ones in the optical, and their study is a challenging task which require the most powerful telescopes. HST has lead neutron star optical astronomy yielding nearly all the identifications achieved since the early 1990s. Here, the major HST contributions in the optical studies of INSs and their ...

Spread spectrum communications were originally developed for military purposes to capitilize on their desirable antijam (AJ) and low probability of intercept (LPI) properties. Since 1980s and early 1990s, though, application of the same in civilian communications has been worked upon. CDMA, based on spread spectrum communications technology, has been recognized as a viable alternative to FDMA a...

This paper presents evidence on the contribution of public capital (infrastructure) to aggregate economic performance using panel data for the U.S. states from 1970 to 2005. Attempts to quantify the role of public or government capital in the production of aggregate output have been beset by thorny econometric issues since the early 1990s. We present estimates of the output elasticity of public...

Since the turn of the decade NATO has made major improvements in the architecture supporting maritime command and control (C2). As late as the early 1990s, shore-based NATO commanders exercized command and control over their operating forces at sea more or less as had been done during World War II: via paper signals, grease-pencil status boards, metal-backed map boards, and magnetic pucks—repre...

The Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA) health care system was once considered one of the worst in the United States. For many veterans, it was the last resort. In the early 1990s, in fact, its system had deteriorated so much that Congress considered disbanding it. However, since then, it has undergone a dramatic transformation and is now considered one of the best health care systems in the...

Medical treatment in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy aims to reduce the outflow tract gradients, and to improve diastolic dysfunction and rhythm disorders. Surgical myectomy is the standard treatment in patients with drug refractory symptoms. Since the early 1990s, dual-chamber (DDD)-pacemaker implantation and percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablatio...