financial policies in major parts of the samanid era as well as throughout the ghaznavid period were very tyrannical and in this period much oppression was inflicted upon the subjects and the affluent land owners in particular. heavy tributes and other financial infringes and demands in this period, which lasted about a century in khurāsān, plundered and confiscated many properties and lands of...

Tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as thermodynamically recorded in Barbados corals, were 5 degrees C colder than present values 19,000 years ago. Variable tropical SSTs may explain the interhemispheric synchroneity of global climate change as recorded in ice cores, snowline reconstructions, and vegetation records. Radiative changes due to cloud type and cloud cover are plausible mechani...

CLINICAL PRESENTATIONA 44-year-old lady came to a dermatology clinic due to an asymptomatic, hyperpigmented plaque on her right thigh since 4 months ago. On physical exam, hypertrichosis on the lesion was notable (Figure 1). Rubbing the lesion resulted in erythema and edema of the lesion. She had no systemic disease and her family history was unremarkable.

Journals indexed in SCOPUS, PUBMED or WOS have had supremacy since long ago. Publishing them has a sudden importance and with brush strokes of immortality. Not doing it sounds like mediocrity. However, no one is born knowing today there are many other journals to search engines not inconsiderable Internet media that over time will amaze us third world war already begun. The impact indices be at...

Since no organization can have unlimited resources, strategists should decide on a strategy that can provide the greatest benefits to the organization. Decisions on strategy formulation commit the organization to produce specific products, work in specific markets, and exploit certain resources and technologies for a relatively long time. Strategies dictate the long-term competitive advantages ...

each person’s style of thought and cognition is formed in the frame of time and place conditions in a way affecting his deductions. changes and improvements of jurisprudence are caused by this effect. common parlance has gained lots of attention by jurists since many years ago. ibn idrīs’s full understanding of his time‚ knowing common parlance‚ tending to solve problems, and stating the affect...