Introduction: Thyroid cancer is at the ninth from ten of common malignant cancer. A man has higher risk to get Thyroid cancer that a woman has. This organ is lain near human neck. The use of radioactive I-131, I-123 and Tc-99m for diagnosis of thyroid cancer has a risk where other organs around Thyroid will accept dose of radiation. One of the risks is large dose which is accep...

In this paper, we propose a new learning method simulation adjusting that adjusts simulation policy to improve the move decisions of the Monte Carlo method. We demonstrated simulation adjusting for 4 × 4 board Go problems. We observed that the rate of correct answers moderately increased.

This paper compares fault position and Monte Carlo methods as the most common methods in stochastic assessment of voltage sags. To compare their abilities, symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults with different probability distribution of fault positions along the lines are applied in a test system. The voltage sag magnitude in different nodes of test system is calculated. The problem with the...

Analytical and Monte Carlo simulations have been used to predict dose enhancement factors in nanoparticle-enhanced X-ray radiation therapy. Both simulations predict an increase in dose enhancement in the presence of nanoparticles, but the two methods predict different levels of enhancement over the studied energy, nanoparticle materials, and concentration regime for several reasons. The Monte C...

introduction: image quality and accuracy of in vivo activity quantification in spect are affected by collimator penetration and scatter components, especially in high energy imaging. these phenomena highly depend on the collimator characteristic and photon energy. the presence of penetrated and scattered photons from collimator in spect images degrades spatial resolution, contrast and image qua...

In this work, based on experimental observations and exact theoretical predictions, the kinetic scheme of RAFT polymerization is extended to a wider range of reactions such as irreversible intermediate radical terminations and reversible transfer reactions. The reactions which have been labeled as kinetic scheme are the more probable existing reactions as the theoretical point of view. The ...

Light reflectance by semi-infinite turbid media is modeled by a hybrid of Monte Carlo simulation and diffusion theory, which combines the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation near the source and the speed of diffusion theory distant from the source. For example, when the turbid medium has the following optical properties--absorption coefficient 1 cm-1, scattering coefficient 100 cm-1, anisotropy ...