Selection of an appropriate Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method for providing a solution to given MADM problem is always challenging endeavour. The challenge even greater situations where specific there exist multiple methods with similar degree suitability. Technique Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and its dominant variant the Modified TOPSIS are two very ap...

Cloning confusion very cloning pronouncement has one guaranteed ingredient: controversy. This time, Atsuo Ogura (National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan) and Rudolf Jaenisch (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA) are duking it out. Ogura claims that most of the defects that Jaenisch has seen in his cloned mice were caused by the genetic instability of the embryon...

The ex-film censor looks at the way ideas about what is Pornographic alter and suggests that although times change only some people change with them.

Criticism of journalists for creating confusion and needless anxiety is sometimes fully justified. On other occasions, at least part of the blame lays elsewhere. Consider the following. A headline in the Sunday Times on 14 May read: “Killer bug alert over organic vegetables.” The story continued “Tesco yesterday withdrew all organic mushrooms from its shelves after routine checks by environment...

We propose to minimise the cosmic confusion between Gaussian and non Gaussian theories by investigating the structure in the m's for each multipole of the cosmic radiation temperature anisotropies. We prove that Gaussian theories are (nearly) the only theories which treat all the m's equally. Hence we introduce a set of invariant measures of " m-preference " to be seen as non-Gaussianity indica...

Neutrophils are arguably the most important white blood cell for defense against bacterial and fungal infections. These leukocytes are produced in high numbers on a daily basis in humans and are recruited rapidly to injured/infected tissues. Phagocytosis and subsequent intraphagosomal killing and digestion of microbes have historically been the accepted means by which neutrophils carry out thei...

Abstract This study is the first empirical analysis of legal reasoning in trademark opposition proceedings Switzerland. We examine a novel dataset on brought before Swiss Federal Institute Intellectual Property (IPI). In these proceedings, likelihood confusion between two (or more) trademarks assessed based similarity signs and goods services, taking into account series additional aspects such ...