Eye muscle fibers can be divided into two categories: nontwitch, multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs), and twitch, singly innervated muscle fibers (SIFs). We investigated the location of motoneurons supplying SIFs and MIFs in the six extraocular muscles of monkeys. Injections of retrograde tracers into eye muscles were placed either centrally, within the central SIF endplate zone; in an int...

BACKGROUND Overdose from illicit drugs is a leading cause of premature mortality in North America. Internationally, more than 65 supervised injecting facilities (SIFs), where drug users can inject pre-obtained illicit drugs, have been opened as part of various strategies to reduce the harms associated with drug use. We sought to determine whether the opening of an SIF in Vancouver, BC, Canada, ...

The fatigue crack growth-rate test of rail head, waist, and bottom material for U71Mn welded was carried out. Digital image correlation (DIC) used to capture the full-field displacement. crack-tip position accurately obtained based on displacement data, an accurate opening (CTOD) measurement point found. CTOD values head under overloaded unloaded condition were extracted, area size elastic plas...

In this study, hydrogen-assisted fatigue propagation (a kind of corrosion phenomenon) in corner cracks at holes located plates under tensile loading was studied, the results compared with those obtained for by air. To end, numerical modeling carried out case studied to evaluate advance crack front based on Paris equation and stress intensity factors (SIFs) Raju Newman. The showed that tended to...

PURPOSE The phenotypically novel extraocular muscles (EOMs) exhibit fundamental differences in innervation and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology from other skeletal muscles. In the current study, the morphology and molecular organization of NMJs of EOM singly innervated (SIF) and multiply innervated (MIF) fiber types were evaluated and the distribution of molecules involved in formation a...

The evaluation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for cracks in mechanically fastened joints is one of the central issues in a damage tolerance analysis. Accurate stress intensity solutions may be difficult to determine due to geometric complexity along with variations in fastener load transfer and fastener interference and material thickness because of corrosion. Detailed finite element models...

Abstract To comprehend the fatigue failure mechanism at fiber discontinuity in fiber-reinforced composites, it is necessary to evaluate local mechanical behaviors. The strength depends on stress distribution inclusion corner. An improved advanced finite element method (IAFEM) proposed for intensity factor (SIF) analysis In IAFEM, stiffness matrix of singular corner (SICE) obtained, and elastic ...