If I is a (two-sided) ideal of ring R, we let $${\text {ann}}_l(I)=\{r\in R\mid rI=0\},$$ {ann}}_r(I)=\{r\in Ir=0\},$$ and {ann}}(I)={\text {ann}}_l(I)\cap {\text {ann}}_r(I)$$ be the left, right double annihilators. An said to an annihilator if $$I={\text {ann}}(J)$$ for some J (equivalently, {ann}}({\text {ann}}(I))=I$$ ). We study ideals Leavitt path algebras graph $$C^*$$ -algebras. Let $$L...

This paper addresses the problem of testing simple hypotheses about the mean of a bivariate normal distribution with identity covariance matrix against restricted alternatives. The LRTs and their power functions for such types of hypotheses are derived. Furthermore, through some elementary calculus, it is shown that the power function of the LRT satisfies certain monotonicity and symmetry p...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

We prove the following result: Theorem. Every algebraic distributive lattice D with at most א1 compact elements is isomorphic to the ideal lattice of a von Neumann regular ring R. (By earlier results of the author, the א1 bound is optimal.) Therefore, D is also isomorphic to the congruence lattice of a sectionally complemented modular lattice L, namely, the principal right ideal lattice of R. F...

Authors who report ground reaction force (GRF), free moment (FM), and resultant joint moments usually normalize these variables by division normalization. Normalization parameters include body weight (BW), body weight x height (BWH), and body weight x leg length (BWL). The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriateness of division normalization, power curve normalization, and offset n...

in this paper, we define the notions of ultra and involution ideals in $bck$-algebras. then we get the relation among them and other ideals as (positive) implicative, associative, commutative and prime ideals. specially, we show that in a bounded implicative $bck$-algebra, any involution ideal is a positive implicative ideal and in a bounded positive implicative lower $bck$-semilattice, the not...

in this paper we investigate some hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of banach algebras. we show that if (e) is a bounded approximate identity modulo i of a banach algebra a and x is a neo-unital modulo i, then (e) is a bounded approximate identity for x. moreover we show that amenability modulo an ideal of a banach algebra a can be only considered by the neo-unital modulo...

let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity. an ideal $i$ of a ring $r$is called an annihilating ideal if there exists $rin rsetminus {0}$ such that $ir=(0)$ and an ideal $i$ of$r$ is called an essential ideal if $i$ has non-zero intersectionwith every other non-zero ideal of $r$. thesum-annihilating essential ideal graph of $r$, denoted by $mathcal{ae}_r$, isa graph whose vertex set is the set...

in this note we consider the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and obtain related results. then we classify this notion according to level sets. after that we determine the relationships between intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) hyper k-ideals. finally, we define the notion of the product of two intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) du...