Ellison anld Konorski (1964, 1965) proposed the procedure by which the separation of the instrumental motor and the cJassical salivary responses was possible within the same trial. Namely, two chained conditioned stimuli (CSs) were used; the first elicited a multiple instrumental response and the second, immediately following the first one, was merely a well established signal of food. In our p...

TO THE EDITOR OF THE " INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE." Sie,?At page 68, volume 1, of Reynolds' System of Medicine (1866), Dr. Maclean remarks that lie has never known the ointment of the biniodide of mercury, when applied over the liver or spleen, to produce "any unpleasant constiiutional action." I have never found reason to doubt tlifs opinion until a few days since when a man was admitted for enlar...

A No. 1 Macintosh blade and a 3.5-mm red rubber endotracheal tube with stylet are used. Intubation of the cat is frequently more difficult than intubation of a child since the cat has large, sharp teeth, a large tongue, copious salivation, a small anterior larynx and dome-shaped arytenoid cartilages. Intubation of the cat is a dynamic demonstration which simulates future experiences and gives s...

A study was undertaken to evaluate diazepam (Valium) and trimeprazine (Vallergan) for oral pre-anaesthetic medication in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, and their effect on blood loss during surgery. The method of anaesthesia and observation was standard throughout. Both premedicants were considered by anaesthetists and nursing staff to be equally satisfactory. However, salivation was t...

The scientific adventure of the Ivan Pavlov Department of Physiology is traced from Pavlov's and his students pioneer work on "psychic salivation" to the times of the Biological Station at Koltushi. The development of the Department after Pavlov's death is described and the research trends of the three present laboratories (Neurobiology of Integrative Brain Functions, Psychophysiology of Emotio...

In neuro-rehabilitation, botulinum toxin (BTX) as adjunct to other interventions can result in a useful therapeutic tool treating disabled people. Other than spasticity, numerous motor and non motor disorders can complicate clinical course and hamper rehabilitative process of neurological impaired patients. A review of BTX use in treating muscular imbalance of children with obstetrical brachial...

INTRODUCTION: Crocodile tears syndrome (CTS) is a synkinesis-type sequela seen after facial paralysis. CTS is characterized by hyperlachrymation while feeding. Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has been used as a treatment for CTS patients. The BTxA mechanism of action in the lacrimal gland is the presynaptic blockade of acetylcholine release at cholinergic nerve endings, thereby reducing the stimulus o...

A 31-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of progressive dysarthria and 1 month of gradually worsening motor seizures predominantly affecting the right face. Examination was unremarkable except for a mild spastic dysarthria and slow, alternating tongue movements, probably due to a partial opercular syndrome. Seizures captured during EEG recording showed a jacksonian march starting over...

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have high symptom burdens, including pain, fatigue, dyspnea, and sialorrhea, and they must make difficult decisions about the use of life-prolonging therapies, such as long-term mechanical ventilation. The impact of ALS is also felt by family caregivers who often struggle to meet the heavy physical, financial, and emotional demands associated wi...

This case report is about a woman in her fourth decade of life who, after fight, went into nervous-depressive crisis and decided to consciously ingest the herbicide paraquat. The patient from rural community 6 hours she go tertiary level hospital located nearest city due persistence discomfort, In emergency room reported having consumed 300 milliliters paraquat, effects were not immediate, but 5...