We propose two virtual sensors which estimate the location of the pressure peak and the air-fuel ratio from measurements of the ionization current across the spark plug gap. The location of pressure peak virtual sensor produces estimates on a cycle-by-cycle basis for each of the cylinders. These estimates are twice as good as estimates obtained from a linear model. The air-fuel ratio virtual se...

The depletion rate of conventional petroleum fuels is very fast. Gasoline used as fuel in the SI engine. Emissions from this cause environmental pollution because it produces harmful emissions for environment such CO2, CO, HC, and NOx. Liquefied gas (LPG) has physical chemical properties that make a favorable IC engines. It can be alone or combined with gasoline some minor engine modifications....

Researches are carried out with different methods to reduce the emissions emitted by conventional fuel engines. In addition using alternative fuels, especially ethanol, in gasoline engines, injection, and combustion controls applied various strategies. this study, effects of cycle skipping strategies on were analyzed through a numerical model single-cylinder naturally aspirated spark ignition (...

background: knowing the rate of overlapping in results obtained from information retrieval tools is important to prevent waste of time. medical and health-related information has an outstanding place among the variety of information available on the internet. hence, this research aimed to study the rate of overlap among medical search results derived from mesh (medical subject headings) in gene...

This work shows the results of an experimental campaign carried out in two spark ignition engines, a small optical research engine and its commercial counterpart, using turbulent system (pre-chamber) specifically designed for engines. Advanced techniques conventional methods were used to study combustion process under various operating conditions. The pre-chamber operated actively passively eng...