X-ray diffractive imaging with laterally coherent x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses is increasingly utilized to obtain ultrafast snapshots of matter. Here we report the amazing disappearance of single-shot charge and magnetic diffraction patterns recorded with resonantly tuned, narrow bandwidth XFEL pulses. Our experimental results reveal the exquisite sensitivity of single-shot charge an...

With recent developments in microscopy, such as stimulated emission deletion (STED) microscopy, far-field imaging at resolutions better than the diffraction limit is now a commercially available technique. Here, we analyse how the interplay between shot noise, thermal noise, the saturation intensity of a fluorescent label, and the damage threshold of the sample changes the maximum resolution of...

shot spCSI in 125 ms. Color scale is the same for all images (with Pyr scaled down by 2.5), threshold at 15% of maximum. (b) Same as (a), but acquired with FIDCSI (Tacq = 24 s). Fig. 2: Time courses of the average signal intensity from ROIs in the left kidney (solid) and heart (dashed) for Pyr (blue circle), Lac (red square), and Ala (green cross). The time courses for Pyr are scaled down by a ...

We introduce a new class of Cox cluster processes called generalised shotnoise Cox processes (GSNCPs), which extends the definition of shot noise Cox processes (SNCPs) in two directions: the point process which drives the shot noise is not necessarily Poisson, and the kernel of the shot noise can be random. Thereby a very large class of models for aggregated or clustered point patterns is obtai...

This article studies the scaling limit of a class of shot-noise fields defined on an independently marked stationary Poisson point process and with a power law response function. Under appropriate conditions, it is shown that the shot-noise field can be scaled suitably to have a non degenerate α-stable limit, as the intensity of the underlying point process goes to infinity. More precisely, fin...

We investigate the overdamped transport of Brownian particles that are placed in spatially periodic potentials ~without and with reflection symmetry! that are subjected to both Poissonian white shot noise and thermal, i.e., Gaussian, white equilibrium fluctuations. The probability current of the output process, which is shown to obey a second-order ordinary differential equation, is analyzed. T...

We describe how the coherence function—a Fourier frequency–dependent measure of the linear correlation between time series measured simultaneously in two energy channels—can be used in conjunction with energy spectra, power spectra, and time delays between energy channels to constrain models of the spectrum and variability of X-ray binaries. Here we present a procedure for estimating the cohere...

Recent experimental work on locally gated graphene layers resulting in p-n junctions has revealed the quantum Hall effect in their transport behavior. We explain the observed conductance quantization, which is fractional in the bipolar regime and an integer in the unipolar regime, in terms of quantum Hall edge modes propagating along and across the p-n interface. In the bipolar regime, the elec...

We present first results from the spectral and temporal analysis of an RXTE monitoring campaign of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1 in 1999. The timing properties of this hard state black hole show considerable variability, even though the state does not change. This has previously been noted for the power spectral density, but is probably even more pronounced for the time lags. From an anal...

Holey photonic crystal (PC) microcapsules are generated through a combined technique of microfluidic- and controlled-photopolymerization. This versatile route allows the fine tuning of shell structure (from well-ordered nanoporous to single-hole structures with tailored hole size) by etching or by varying UV light intensity, and endowing the PC microcapsules with multifunctional properties.