Background: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is present in all organisms studied so far, and is a major immunogen in infections caused by pathogens including Leishmania spp. Objective: The aim of this study was to clone and express HSP70 from L. infantum strain MCAN/IR/96/LON-49 and evaluate antibody response against HSP70 in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Methods: The L. infantum HSP70 gene segment...

Cotton is a strategic crop with a critical role in the economy and agriculture. The increasing price of crop inputs is the main challenge for the developing countries, including Iran, so that it is crucial for the economy of the states to recognize the underpinning factors. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the relationship between price shocks of cotton production inputs and cot...

We develop a multi-sector sticky-price DSGE model that can endogenously deliver differential responses of prices to aggregate and sectoral shocks. Input-output production linkages induce across-sector pricing complementarities that contribute to a slow response of prices to aggregate shocks. In turn, labor-market segmentation at the sectoral level induces within-sector pricing substitutability,...

Wesche as well as from participants of the session on " European Monetary Integration I " at the 47th International Atlantic Economic Conference, Vienna, and from an anonymous referee on this version of the paper. Of course, all remaining errors are those of the author. The views expressed are the author's and do not necessarily correspond to those of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank or those ...

This paper uses the SVAR approach to assess the degree of labor market flexibility – measured as the responsiveness of real and nominal wages to permanent and temporary shocks in eight EU member states (France, Italy, UK, Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic) with a view to assessing their suitability for Euro-area membership. It is found that for Hungary and the Czech ...

The identification of reduced-form VAR model had been the subject of numerous debates in the literature. Different sets of identifying assumptions can lead to very different conclusions in the policy debate. This paper proposes a theoretical consistent identification strategy using restrictions implied by a DSGE model. Monte Carlo simulations suggest the proposed identification strategy is succ...

This thesis is concerned with three questions: first, how can the effects macroeconomic policy has on the economy in general be estimated? Second, what are the effects of a pre-announced increase in government expenditures? Third, how should monetary policy be conducted, if the policymaker faces uncertainty about the economic environment. In the first chapter I suggest to estimate the effects o...

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which a set of variables is informationally sufficient, i.e. it contains enough information to estimate the structural shocks with a VAR model. Based on such conditions, we suggest a procedure to test for informational sufficiency. Moreover, we show how to amend the VAR if informational sufficiency is rejected. We apply our procedure to a VAR ...

This paper tackles two issues: (1) lead and lag relationship among regions and the role of the industry mix effect to this phenomenon are explored; (2) concurrent and lagged effects of the industry mix on the regional economic fluctuations are measured explicitly with the national shock identified from the principal components method. The empirical analysis focuses on five Midwest states. The f...