BACKGROUND The use of any form of tobacco by 13-15 year old individuals is 10% globally as identified through the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among Iraqi adolescents. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out on 1750 participants selected randomly from preparatory and secondary schools in Baghdad, Iraq ...

We present a Diaz–Metcalf type operator inequality as a reverse Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and then apply it to get some operator versions of Pólya–Szegö’s, Greub–Rheinboldt’s, Kantorovich’s, Shisha–Mond’s, Schweitzer’s, Cassels’ and Klamkin–McLenaghan’s inequalities via a unified approach. We also give some operator Grüss type inequalities and an operator Ozeki– Izumino–Mori–Seo type inequality...

The prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco product use is on the rise across the globe, especially for waterpipes (also known as hookah, narghile, and shisha) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The scientific literature reveals that waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with exposure to a variety of toxicants that can cause short- and long-term adverse health events. In contrast, there is...

Background: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is widely believed to be a safe and hazard-free tobacco habit. However, a number of studies have indicated that exposure to several toxicants and carcinogens through WPS is strongly related to serious health hazards. The current paper presents a narrative review on the effects of WPS on cancer outcome. Methods: The addressed focused question was “Is there an ...

BACKGROUND Cinnamon aldehyde (alias cinnamaldehyde) is widely used in food, textile or cosmetic industry. It is mostly associated with contact allergy, but immediate type allergies have been reported. The present study was triggered by a case of anaphylactic events to cinnamon in food and upon skin prick test. We investigated a possible correlation of exposure to a disco fog machine and/or shis...