Introduction: Ionizing radiation can cause damage to biologically important DNA molecules. Radiation in nuclear medicine radiation exposes people working in from two main positions; administer in gradiopharmaceuticals (the barn and squeezing a generator, procurement, distribution and drug infusion) and patients that receive radiation treatment (patients that are prescribed a ra...

Introduction: Coronary angiography (CA) is an interventional diagnostic procedure to assess cardiovascular disease. CA is performed using dedicated fluoroscopic systems equipped with either flat detector or image intensifier. There is an increase in the number of CA annually. Reducing the radiation exposure in the CA is essential, especially due to high fluoroscopy time. In ord...

P rotecting groups have a long history in synthetic chemistry 1. A protecting group is covalently attached to one functional group to block its reactivity while a second functional group undergoes a chemical transformation, after which the protecting group is then removed (Fig. 1a). The use of protecting groups requires both protection and deprotection steps, so efficiency considerations dictat...

tion of a pigmented neuroendocrine tumor. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(6):841-845. 6. Mashayekhi A, Shields CL, Eagle RC Jr, Shields JA. Cavitary changes in retinoblastoma: relationship to chemoresistance. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(6):1145-1150. 7. Lois N, Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC Jr, De Potter P. Cavitary melanoma of the ciliary body: a study of eight cases. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105(6):1091...

Introduction: The formation of Martian paterae is poorly understood. ÒTypicalÓ paterae are considered to be constructed primarily of pyroclastic deposits (e.g. Tyrrhena Patera [1], Hadriaca Patera [2], and Apollinaris Patera [3-4]), whereas others are suggested to be constructed primarily of numerous lava flows (e.g. Biblis and Ulysses Paterae [5] and Uranius Patera [6]). Alba Patera is interpr...