Prior studies of the phytoplankton dynamics in South San Francisco Bay, California, USA have hypothesized that bivalve filter-feeders are responsible for the limited phytoplankton blooms in the system. This study was designed to examine the effects of benthic grazing and light attenuation on this shallow, turbid, and nutrient replete system. We found that grazing by shallow water bivalves was i...

Shallow-water tropical reefs and the deep sea represent the two most diverse marine environments. Understanding the origin and diversification of this biodiversity is a major quest in ecology and evolution. The most prominent and well-supported explanation, articulated since the first explorations of the deep sea, holds that benthic marine fauna originated in shallow, onshore environments, and ...

The traditional shallow water model for waves propagating over varying bathymetry depends for its derivation on the asymptotic analysis of a Dirichlet-Neumann operator. This analysis however is restricted to smoothly varying topographies. We propose an adaptation to one dimensional polygonal bottoms using the conformal mapping idea of Hamilton and Nachbin. The asymptotic analysis of the Dirichl...

The depth-integrated shallow water equations are frequently used for simulating geophysical flows, such as storm-surges, tsunamis and river flooding. In this paper a parallel shallow water solver using an unstructured high-order discontinuous Galerkin method is presented. The spatial discretization of the model is based on the Nektar++ spectral/hp library and the model is numerically shown to e...

We use the integrable Kaup-Boussinesq shallow water system, modified by a small viscous term, to model the formation of an undular bore with a steady profile. The description is made in terms of the corresponding integrable Whitham system, also appropriately modified by viscosity. This is derived in Riemann variables using a modified finite-gap integration technique for the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell...

BACKGROUND Millions of households throughout Bangladesh have been exposed to high levels of arsenic (As) causing various deadly diseases by drinking groundwater from shallow tubewells for the past 30 years. Well testing has been the most effective form of mitigation because it has induced massive switching from tubewells that are high (>50 µg/L) in As to neighboring wells that are low in As. A ...

In the Persian Gulf, the major source of oil pollution is related to the transportation of tankers, offshore production and discharges by coastal refineries. The water dynamical field has been obtained using a new hydrodynamic model. Local wind is recognized as the principal driving force combining to the water dynamic field to determine oil drift on the sea surface. The Weibull probability dis...

A variational data assimilation technique was used to estimate optimal discretization of interpolation operators and derivatives in the nodes adjacent to the rigid boundary. Assimilation of artificially generated observational data in the shallow-water model in a square box and assimilation of real observations in the model of the Black sea are discussed. It is shown in both experiments that co...

A computer model of wave refraction is desirable, in the context of landscape modeling, to generate the familiar wave patterns seen near coastlines. In this article, we present a new method for the calculation of shallow water wave refraction. The method is more accurate than previously existing methods and provides realistic wave refraction effects. We resort to Fermat’s principle of the short...