The hydraulics of steep mountain streams differ from lower gradient rivers due to shallow and rough flows, energetic subsurface flow, and macro-scale form drag from immobile boulders and channel and bed forms. Heightened flow resistance and reduced sediment transport rates in steep streams are commonly attributed to macro-scale form drag; however, little work has explored steep river hydrodynam...

We present a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental results on a subsurface microscopy technique that significantly improves the light-gathering, resolving, and magnifying power of a conventional optical microscope. The numerical aperture increasing lens sNAILd is a plano-convex lens placed on the planar surface of an object to enhance the amount of light coupled from subsurface structu...

In the current study, we conducted petrographic investigation combined with aeromagnetic data in order to classify variable granitic rocks, delineate structural trends and deduce depth of basement rocks cropping out Homrit Waggat area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Field investigations revealed that include two groups. The first group includes older comprising tonalites granodiorites. contrast...

Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration, because it uses the large contrast in electrical resistivity to distinguishes between water and hydrocarbons. In a shallow sea environment, the airwave that is refracted from the air-water interface dominates the recorded signal at large offsets. Therefore, the hydrocarbon detection ability of the CSE...

Near-surface structure investigation plays an important role in studying shallow active faults and has various engineering applications. Therefore, we developed a near-surface method using ambient noise water environment. This newly seismic acquisition technology, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), was used to acquire from the Yangtze River. The recorded data were processed reconst...

[1] In this study, we develop a similarity parameter to describe shallow subsurface hydrological response of small catchments on the basis of the hillslope‐Péclet number. This new similarity parameter, named the catchment‐Péclet (caPe) number, provides a theoretical framework to compare the relative hydrologic response derived from shallow subsurface flow of small catchments on the basis of geo...

An algorithm utilizing measured temporal tritium ( H) variation in selected Piedmont basins is 3 developed for the computation of subsurface residence times of shallow ground water comprising stream base flow. This algorithm accounts for the effects of radioactive decay, the mixing of shallow subsurface water with precipitation, and ground-water flux to streams (base flow). The input data requi...

Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration because it uses the large contrast in electrical resistivity to distinguish between water and hydrocarbons. In a shallow sea environment, the airwave that is refracted from the air-water interface dominates the recorded signal at large offsets. Therefore, the hydrocarbon detection ability of the CSEM i...

Isotopic tracer and temperature measurements at large volume cold springs in the central Oregon Cascades are used to understand the pattern of groundwater flow. Standard oxygen and hydrogen isotope interpretations are used to determine the mean recharge elevation for springs. Carbon and helium isotopes are used to measure the component of dissolved magmatic gas in the spring waters. Inferences ...