A new method is developed for evaluating the error probability (P e) for Direct Sequence, Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) wireless systems that includes the effects of shadowing and fading. The method is based on saddle point integration (SPI) of the test statistic's moment generating function (MGF) in the complex plane. The SPI method is applicable to both ideal and wireless channels. ...

A novel physical-statistical channel model for simulating the signal effect by moving human bodies is presented. The human body is modeled as vertically oriented dielectric cylindrical volume. The received signal is assumed to be composed of a direct component which might be subject to shadowing and a multipath component due to reflection and diffuse scattering, i.e., a Ricean channel. The shad...

Shadowing is a data collection method that involves following a person, as they carry out those everyday activities relevant to a research study. This article explores the use of shadowing in a formative evaluation of a professional development school (PDS). Specifically, this article discusses how shadowing was used to understand the role of a professor-in-residence (PIR) working with a PDS, a...

This paper investigates satellite-MIMO, space-time coded for diversity gain. Whereas a dual satellite to single antenna terminal link provides shadowing and some multipath diversity gain, a dual antenna terminal provides additional multipath diversity gain. This gain is demonstrated by simulating high resolution time series channel data for urban and highway environments, for SISO, MISO and MIM...

We discuss shadowing corrections to the structure function F2 in neutrino deep-inelastic scattering on heavy nuclear targets. In particular, we examine the role played by shadowing in the comparison of the structure functions F2 measured in neutrino and muon deep inelastic scattering. The importance of shadowing corrections in the determination of the strange quark distributions

We argue that current data on nuclear shadowing confirm expectations of the color singlet models of nuclear shadowing. We demonstrate that unitarity constrains require nuclear shadowing for gluons to be very significant already for x ≤ 10 . Physics of coherent diffraction production of vector mesons off light nuclei is also discussed.

Most traditional, and many modern, methods of state estimation have a number a failings when applied to high-dimensional and nonlinear systems. A promising new alternative that avoids many of these failings is a shadowing filter. An additional advantage of shadowing filters is that when combined with indistinguishable states they provide a consistent generalisation to the imperfect model scenar...

In foreign language learning, shadowing has been used as a method for improving speaking and listening ability. In this method, learners are required to repeat a presented native utterance as closely and quickly as possible. Since learners have to follow the speaking rate of the presented utterance, their pronunciation often becomes very inarticulate and unintelligible. These features of shadow...

The article deals with the essence of national economy de-shadowing concept, as well foreign experience in combating shadow sector. In particular, methods counteracting shadowing such countries USA, Great Britain, France, Poland, Germany, Austria, etc. are summarized. Among most common and effective tools studied countries, following identified: property liability for committing an economic cri...