Photovoltaic array exhibits highly nonlinear electrical characteristics and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is always challenging. It becomes more complex during partial shading condition. The P-V array characteristics for shading condition have multiple maxima points and conventional MPPT technique fails to track global maximum power point. The operating point may settle at local point...

We studied the integration of image disparities, edge information, and shading in the three-dimensional perception of complex yet well-controlled images generated with a computer-graphics system. The images showed end-on views of flat- and smooth-shaded ellipsoids, i.e., images with and without intensity discontinuities (edges). A map of perceived depth was measured by adjusting a small stereo ...

In this paper, we present our practical examples of physically based shading models that we implemented. In the game industry, traditional ad-hoc shading models are mainly used because of performance, though recently, physically based models have been attracting more attention. In our studio, artists had some difficulty setting parameters for physically correct materials using the following ad ...

The large-scale construction of photovoltaic (PV) panels causes heterogeneity in environmental factors, such as light, precipitation, and wind speed, which may lead to microhabitat climate changes that affect ecosystems. In this study, plant–soil–microbial systems shady non-shady gaps PV a solar park Northern China were investigated. shading caused by the significantly affected alpha diversity ...

Complex procedural shaders are commonly used to enrich the appearance of high-quality computer animations. In traditional rendering architectures the shading computation is performed independently for each animation frame which leads to significant costs. In this paper we propose an approach which eliminates redundant computation between subsequent frames by exploiting temporal coherence in sha...

Self-shading of light by algae growing in a column of water plays an important:role in the dynamics of algal blooms. Thus without self-shading the algal concentration would increase more rapidly, making the nutrient limitation too strong. Apart from the practical importance of self-shading, its inherent nonlinearity in the growth dynamics leads to an interesting mathematical problem, which warr...

Existing Shape from Shading algorithms are not robust enough to work reliably with real images. We present a new paradigm for Shape from Shading based upon & scale space surface representation. Using this representation, the Shape from Shading problem becomes one of forming a surface from gaussian basis functions in such a way that the shading in the original image is explained. The algorithm i...

-Stereo algorithms suffer from the lack of local surface texture due to smoothness of depth constraint, or local miss-matches in disparity estimates. Thus, most stereo methods only provide a coarse depth map which can be associated with a low pass image of the depth map. On the other hand, shape from shading algorithms generally produce better estimates of local surface areas, but some of them ...

Aims Land use management affects plant carbon (C) supply and soil environments and hence alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, with consequent feedbacks to terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The objective of this study was to better identify mechanisms by which land-use management (clipping and shading) regulates soil N in a tallgrass prairie, OK, USA. Methods We conducted 1-year clipping and sha...