Adult neurogenesis represents a unique form of plasticity in the dentate gyrus requiring the presence of long-lived neural stem cells (LL-NSCs). However, the embryonic origin of these LL-NSCs remains unclear. The prevailing model assumes that the dentate neuroepithelium throughout the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus generates both the LL-NSCs and embryonically produced granule neurons. Her...

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Bilateral (BCAS) in rodents well-established model VCID where most studies have focused on white matter pathology subsequent deficit. Therefore, our aim was study the implication adult hippocampal neurogenesis hypoperfusion-induced mice, its relationship with defi...

The vasculature has been identified as a prominent feature across several stem cell niches, suggesting a crucial role in their regulation and maintenance. While a critical component of every organ and tissue, it has adopted specific features for specialized microenvironments. Most notably, the subventricular (SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ) zones of the adult brain harbor unique vascular plexi that ...

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is crucial for preserving normal brain function, but how it is regulated by niche cells is uncertain. Here we show that β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1) in dentate gyrus (DG) regulates neural precursor proliferation. β-arr1 knockout (KO) mice show reduced neural precursor proliferation in subgranular zone (SGZ) which could be rescued by selective viral expression of β-arr1 b...

Plasticity of adult neurogenesis supports adaptation to environmental changes. The identification of molecular mediators that signal these changes to neural progenitors in the niche has remained elusive. Here we report that diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is crucial in supporting an adaptive mechanism in response to changes in the environment. We provide evidence that DBI is expressed in stem ...

INTRODUCTION In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), neurogenesis occurs mainly prenatally but continues in restricted regions during the postnatal life. It is intensive during the first two weeks after birth picking at P7-P9. Thereafter, neurogenesis is significantly diminished and remains longlife in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) ...

In mammalian dentate gyrus subgranular zone, the addition of new neurons throughout adulthood is a remarkable form of structural plasticity. Yet, the molecular controls over subgranular zone neural stem cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation are poorly understood. In this study we analysed the expression of Wnt 3a, β-catenin...

The dentate gyrus is the chief route of excitatory input into the hippocampal formation and is thus crucial for appropriate function of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Many pathological states associated with histological abnormalities in the dentate are likely to have their origins during development. These disorders include generalized abnormalities of neuronal migration, e.g. reeler ...

The distribution of superclusters in the Local Supercluster neighbourhood presents such a remarkable periodicity that some kind of network must fit the observed large scale structure. A three dimension chessboard has been suggested 1. The existence of this network is really a challenge for currently-suggested theoretical models. For instance, CDM models of the formation of the large scale struc...

throughout evolution; it has been observed in the central nervous systems of invertebrates and vertebrates such as fish, birds, and mammals (1, 5, 10, 26). Most studies carried out under physiological conditions in adult mammals indicate that significant levels of neurogenesis occur exclusively in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG; FIGURE 1) and the olfactory bulb (OB). In the adult huma...