Cells have developed different mechanisms to respond to stress, including the formation of cytoplasmic foci known as stress granules (SGs). SGs are dynamic and formed as a result of stress-induced inhibition of translation. Despite enormous interest in SGs due to their contribution to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, many aspects of SG formation are poorly understood. SGs induced by ...

The sgs-1 (suppressor of activated Galpha(s)) gene encodes one of the four adenylyl cyclases in the nematode C. elegans and is most similar to mammalian adenylyl cyclase type IX. We isolated a complete loss-of-function mutation in sgs-1 and found it to result in animals with retarded development that arrest in variable larval stages. sgs-1 mutant animals exhibit lethargic movement and pharyngea...

Polyamines regulate multiple signaling pathways and are implicated in many aspects of cellular functions, but the exact molecular processes governed by polyamines remain largely unknown. In response to environmental stress, repression of translation is associated with the assembly of stress granules (SGs) that contain a fraction of arrested mRNAs and are thought to function as mRNA storage. Her...

The secretory granules (SGs) of secretory cells of the hematopoietic lineage, such as the mast cells, are lysosome-related organelles whose membrane proteins travel through the plasma membrane and the endocytic system. Therefore, a mechanism must exist to prevent proteins destined to recycling or to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) from reaching the SGs. We now show that synaptotagmin (Syt) IX, a ...

The use of critical-for-life organs (e.g., liver or lung) for systemic gene therapeutics can lead to serious safety concerns. To circumvent such issues, we have considered salivary glands (SGs) as an alternative gene therapeutics target tissue. Given the high secretory abilities of SGs, we hypothesized that administration of low doses of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors would al...

Exocytosis of secretory granules (SGs) requires their delivery to the actin-rich cell cortex followed by their attachment to the plasma membrane (PM). How these reactions are executed and coordinated is still unclear. Myrip, which is also known as Slac-2c, binds to the SG-associated GTPase Rab27 and is thought to promote the delivery of SGs to the PM by recruiting the molecular motor myosin Va....

INTRODUCTION Acquired airway stenosis is a common complication in children after periods of tracheal intubation. We reviewed our experience in the endoscopic treatment of these lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented acquired tracheal-subglottic stenosis (SGS) treated at our center from 2005 to 2012. We reviewed the etiology, age, clinical p...

The interaction between shock waves and turbulence is present in a large variety of high-speed flows with relevance in scientific and engineering applications. The use of largeeddy simulations (LES) to predict such flows requires subgrid-scale (SGS) models capable of accurately representing the physics behind this interaction at the unresolved scales. The canonical shock-turbulence interaction ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the efficacy of endoscopic laser radial incisions with mitomycin-C application (ELRM) in managing adult subglottic stenosis (SGS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series review. METHODS Fifteen consecutive cases of adult SGS treated with ELRM at a single tertiary referral center over three years were reviewed. Subjects with SGS secondary to Wegener's granulom...